“…Solvent extraction is a common hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of palladium from most industrial plants. The studies of palladium extraction using pyridinecarboxamides [3], thiosulfate, ACORGA ® CLX50 [4], hexadecylpyridinium [5], phosphonium [6], NH 4 + -dibenzyldiaza-18-crown-6 [7], Cyanex 471 [8], hydroxyoxime [9], Cyanex 301-immobilized material [10], α-benzoin-oximes and Cyphos ® IL/toluene [11], imidazolium nitrate immobilized resin [12] as extractants have been reported. However, the metal extraction rates by solvent extraction are generally low and the inventories of the organic solvent and metal extractant are substantial for the separation process.…”