Palladium nitrate–magnesium nitrate modifier for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 5. Performance for the determination of 21 elements

Abstract

The determination of 21 elements was investigated in the presence of the palladium nitrate-magnesium nitrate (Pd-Mg) mixed modifier. Significantly higher pyrolysis temperatures could be used for the majority of elements compared with previously recommended modifiers, making possible an efficient removal of concomitants prior to the atomization of analyte elements. A 10 pg amount (1 g I-') of NaCl had no influence on the determination of all of the elements investigated and most of the analyte elements were not affected even by a ten times higher concentration. The concentration of potassium sulfate, which had no influence on the determination, was lower for most of the elements. The tolerance towards NaCl and K2S04 increased significantly for a number of elements when the pyrolysis temperature was lowered by 200-300 "C and the pyrolysis time was increased. For most of the elements investigated the characteristic mass values were comparable to, or better than published data. For some elements, however, such as bismuth, lead and tellurium, the characteristic mass was significantly higher. This resulted from the high stabilizing power of the Pd-Mg modifier, which necessitated higher atomization temperatures for these elements for which diffusional losses were more pronounced. The advantages and limitations of the Pd-Mg modifier are discussed.

Determination of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper and Lead in Sediments and Soil Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Zirconium Containing Chemical Modifiers

“…Use of a chemical modifier is required for the determination of these elements, especially if high contents of concomitants are present in such samples. 14 Optimization of ETAAS conditions such as effects of mass and mass ratio of modifiers on analytes and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were investigated in sample solutions. The effect of mass and mass ratio of Zr, Ir, Zr + Ir and Zr + Ir + EDTA modifier mixture on the pyrolysis temperatures and absorbance values of analytes in sample solutions were studied by preliminary experiments.…”

“…Volynsky 13 gave a critical review on the investigation of the mechanism of chemical modifiers. Different chemical modifiers, such as PdMg(NO3)2, 10,14 Pd and Eu-Pd, 7 Ir, 15,16 Zr, 16,17 Zr-Ir coating 18 and EDTA, 19 were added to aqueous standards and samples by using platforms inserted into pyrolytically-coated graphite tubes. These additions and a Zeeman effect background corrector 7,8,18 have been recommended to overcome the background absorption and interference effects in the sample matrix, and to improve the precision and accuracy.…”

The Interference Effect of a Mixture of Magnesium, Aluminium, Sulfate and Chloride on the Atomization and Vaporization of Manganese in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The thermal behavior of any chosen interferent in the atomizer, including its gas and condensed-phase interactions with an analyte, has been also investigated using various experimental procedures and additional supplementary techniques. 9,[13][14][15] The rate of interferences depends on the construction of the atomizer, applied time-temperature program and many other experimental parameters.…”

Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Trace Metals in Biodiesel

“…Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with electrothermal atomization is widely used in routine analyses due to several factors. It requires small volumes of sample, the atomizer acts as a chemical reactor, excellent limits of detection are attained after separation of the analyte and matrix in the reactor, it requires no previous decomposition of the sample (direct analysis), it is multielemental, fast, relatively inexpensive, simple spectrum, and provides chemical and thermal pretreatment of the sample, among other advantages (Welz et al, 1992;Jackson, 1999).…”