Palladium nitrate—magnesium nitrate modifier for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 3. Determination of mercury in environmental standard reference materials

Welz, Bernhard; Schlemmer, Gerhard; Mudakavi, J. R.

doi:10.1039/ja9920700499

Cited by 83 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For a Pd modifier in a graphite furnace, the Tt was found to be in the range of 450 -500˚C. [4][5][6] Zang and co-workers 7 reported the LOD of 38 pg using the (NH4)2PdCl6 + (NH4)3RhCl6 + citric acid modifier (20 µl of 1000 mg dm -3 Pd + 500 mg dm -3 Rh + 6% w/v citric acid) in a graphite platform furnace.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Chemical Modifiers in Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boron Nitride Tube and Platform Furnaces for Mercury

et al. 2000

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A graphite furnace is often used as a popular atomizer for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and a popular vaporizer for ICP techniques. There are two types of furnaces: tube and platform. The furnace wall is made with a pyrolytic graphite (PG) to be pore-free and with a non-pyrolytic graphite (NPG) to be pore-rich. The reactivity of the NPG furnace is greater than that of the PG one: reducing power, adsorption of analyte elements on graphite wall, migration of analyte elements into the graphite wall, formation of intercalation compounds and carbide formation. Atomization of the analyte takes place via thermal dissociation of analyte oxide, vaporization of metal and heterogeneous reduction on the hot graphite surface et al. Metal atomizers such as tantalum, tungsten, and molybdenum have a lower reactivity than graphite atomizer. Microtube, boat and coil types are used as well as metal-lined graphite furnace and metal platform. An atomizer with chemically inert ceramic wall would be favorable for ETAAS techniques for unstable oxide forming and stable carbide-forming elements. Our previous letter to the editor 1 is the first report about ETAAS with a ceramic furnace with less reactivity than metal surface, where boron nitride (BN) was used as the ceramic wall. Two types of furnace design, tube and platform, for the laboratorymade ceramic furnaces for ETAAS were reported in the letter.The BN tube and platform was made from two types of BN, pyrolytic boron nitrate (PBN) and non-pyrolytic boron nitride (NBN). Pyrolytic boron nitrate made directly by a chemical vapor deposition technique is pore-free and NBN made by a hot-pressing technique with high-purity BN crystalline powder is pore-rich. The most common form of α-boron nitride, graphite-like hexagonal, is used increasingly in various fields because of its combination of the following properties: low density; hightemperature stability, m.p. near 3000˚C; chemical inertness, especially its resistance to acids and molten metals and its stability in inert gases, like N2, CO and Ar up to 2700˚C; stability to thermal shock; extremely low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. 2 The preliminary data for relative absorbance and standard deviation of 15 elements such as Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Hg, In, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, and Tl, were treated in the letter. 1 In the case of integrated absorbance, both ceramic tube furnaces give a sensitivity enhancement for Bi, Cd, Hg, Se, Sn and Te compared to both graphite tube furnaces. For both ceramic platform furnaces, the sensitivity enhancement was observed for Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Te and Tl. Especially, a remarkable sensitivity enhancement was observed for Hg with all ceramic furnaces. Mercury is a very important element because of its toxicity, presenting a serious environmental and health hazard to humans and animals. Consequently, Hg was selected as an analyte for the BN furnace-ETAAS in the present work.In the present work, the following are reported: (i) the effect of chemical...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some chemical modifiers were proposed for Hg ETAAS to suppress the volatilization loss of Hg prior to atomization in the furnace, such as H2O2, 3 Ag+MnO4 -, 3 Pd, [4][5][6] and Pd+Rh. 7 Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidation reagent as well as KMnO4 which is added to avoid loss of Hg in pretreatments of analytical samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemical Modifiers in Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boron Nitride Tube and Platform Furnaces for Mercury

et al. 2000

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“…18,19 The effects of the following chemical modifiers, added one at a time as aqueous solution, were studied: (1) a mixed-chemical modifier of palladium nitrate and magnesium nitrate; (2) ammonium dihydrogenphosphate. The thermal pretreatment curve for 0.01 ng Pb with 15 µg Pd(NO3)2/10µg Mg(NO3)2 modifier and 100 µg NH4H2PO4 modifier indicates that the thermally stable temperatures tolerated at the ashing stage were 900˚C and 800˚C, respectively.…”

Section: Selection Of Chemical Modifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Total Gaseous Lead in the Atmosphere by Honeycomb Denuder/Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Zhang

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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A technique is described for the determination of total gaseous lead in the atmosphere by honeycomb denuder collection, followed by an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) measurement. The collection efficiency of the honeycomb denuder in which a solution containing 2% HNO3/2% glycerine/1% ammonium dihydrogenphosphate was coated for trapping the gaseous lead in the atmosphere was 98.8%. The linear absorbance response was obtained for a concentration range of 0 -1.39 µg m -3 of lead in the atmosphere. A precision of 4.8% RSD (peak-height absorbance, n = 11) for an aqueous solution of 1 ng of lead standard, characteristic masses (CM) of 23 pg and detection limit (3σ) of 54 pg for an aqueous solution of 0.01 ng lead standard was achieved with 100 µg ammonium dihydrogenphosphate as a chemical modifier. The average recovery of lead in three standard samples prepared by the independent digestion of NIST SRM 1648 (Urban Particulate Matter) using our analytical system was 97.8%. The total content of the gaseous lead in the atmosphere of our laboratories was 0.35 -0.38 µg m -3 .

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“…Since then, papers have been reported with the application of palladium as a chemical modifier for the stabilization of relatively volatile elements other than mercury [12]. Later, a mixture of palladium nitrate and magnesium nitrate was suggested [13]. However, with the use of the mixture it was found that the integrated absorbance for mercury remained constant at a pyrolysis temperature of 450ЊC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of organic and inorganic mercury in the graphite furnace with (NH4)2PdCl6–(NH4)3RhCl6 as a mixed chemical modifier

Zhang

Sun

1998

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Palladium nitrate—magnesium nitrate modifier for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 3. Determination of mercury in environmental standard reference materials

Cited by 83 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of Chemical Modifiers in Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boron Nitride Tube and Platform Furnaces for Mercury

Comparison of Chemical Modifiers in Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boron Nitride Tube and Platform Furnaces for Mercury

Determination of Total Gaseous Lead in the Atmosphere by Honeycomb Denuder/Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Stabilization of organic and inorganic mercury in the graphite furnace with (NH4)2PdCl6–(NH4)3RhCl6 as a mixed chemical modifier

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