Palladium(II) in electrophilic activation of aldehydes and enones: efficient C-3 functionalization of indoles

Surfactant-Aided Chiral Palladium(II) Catalysis Exerted Exclusively in Water for the C–H Functionalization of Indoles

“…When the reaction was conducted in a range of organic solvents, no activity of the corresponding PdCl 2 – L1 complex was observed, except in methanol, in which the reaction was sluggish and unselective (Table , entries 1–5). The omission of surfactant disabled palladium­(II) catalysis, and the inclusion of a cationic or nonionic surfactant did not assist the palladium­(II) catalysis (entries 6–8).…”

p-Toluenesulfonic acid-promoted organic transformations for the generation of molecular complexity

“…Indole is a versatile nitrogen-based heterocyclic building block present in a variety of biologically relevant natural compounds and pharmaceuticals 30 Therefore, researchers have been interested in creating or modifying indole scaffolds for screening diverse biological activities.…”

“…Substituted indoles and isoxazoles have long been the subject of medicinal chemistry due to their biological activity. 30,52 As a result, combining two heterocyclic scaffolds into a single molecule initiates a great deal of interest in pharmacological research and drug development. An environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of isoxazolyl-4-hydroxyindole-3-carboxylate derivatives was executed by Prof. Rani 56 in an aqueous medium (Scheme 38).…”

Promoting decanoic acid unveils the transfigure aldehyde carbonyl activation for synthesizing bis(indolyl)methane derivatives

“…Indoles with various carbonyl functional groups can be obtained directly using homo and heterogeneous catalysts. Different types of catalysts can be employed for these reactions, including acid catalysts [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], nanocatalysts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], supported catalysts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], metal catalysts [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], ion exchange resin [39], and enzymes [40]. The acid-catalyzed reactions can be facilitated by HCl [41], P 2 O 5 [42], Amberlyst-15 [43], and solidified acids [44].…”