“…12 Square-planar metal-chelate rings in crystal structures can form stacking interactions mutually 19,[23][24][25][26][27][32][33][34][35] and with aromatic rings. 19,21,28,32,33 Quantum chemical calculations of interaction energies show that the chelate/chelate stacking interactions (up to -10.34 kcal/mol) 19,33 , are stronger than chelate/benzene interactions (up to -7.52 kcal/mol), 19,32,33 while both of them are stronger than benzene/benzene stacking (-2.73 kcal/mol).…”