Palladium copper nanosponges for electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen and glucose detection

Abstract

A facile and one-pot wet chemical approach has been applied for the preparation of palladium copper (PdCu) nanosponges (NSs) through the reduction of Pd 2+ and Cu 2+ ions with L-ascorbic acid in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 95 °C. The PdCu NSs prepared in the presence of 12.5, 25, and 37.5 mM SDS have sizes of 46.0 ± 4.3, 36.8 ± 4.5, and 37.2 ± 2.6 nm, respectively. Relative to a Pd NPs electrode (0.33 mA cm −2 ), Cu NPs electrode (0.31 mA cm −2 ), commercial Pd/C electrode (0.34 mA 10 cm −2 ) and Pt/C electrode (0.66 mA cm −2 ), PdCu NS-modified electrodes provide high current density for oxygen reduction reaction (1.93 mA cm −2 ) under alkaline conditions. In addition, the PdCu NS-modified electrodes provide high catalytic activity for glucose oxidation at −0.01 V vs. Ag/AgCl and are stable even after sweeping for 43200 s in 0.1 M NaOH containing 0.1 M glucose. The higher catalytic activity of the PdCu NSs is mainly due to their greater electroactive surface area (EASA) and synergistic effect 15 caused by the intimate contact between Pd and Cu. The PdCu NS-modified electrodes exhibit high sensitivity (1560 µA mM −1 cm −2 ), good selectivity, and fast response to glucose over a linear range of 0−30 µM (R 2 = 0.997), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.1 µM. Having the advantages of good stability, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and cost effectiveness, the PdCu NSs hold great potential for use in fuel cells using methanol or ethanol as fuel and for the fabrication of electrochemical sensor for the 20 detection of glucose in blood samples.

Sequential and Transient Electrocatalysis of Glucose Oxidation Reactions by Octahedral, Rhombic Dodecahedral, and Cubic Palladium Nanocrystals

“…In addition, this observation has been confirmed in the case of 27-nm Pd NCs used as a GOR catalyst [28]. Therefore, to study the oxidation of 20 ranging from 3 to 8 mM [47]. Interestingly, based on the same ESA, the same order of NC > Oct > Rd for the SESA values and the linear analysis ranges was found for both linear analysis ranges obtained.…”

“…The electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) is of particular interest, since it relates to the elemental reactions of direct glucose fuel cells [14][15][16], implantable fuel cells [17,18], and glucose sensors [19][20][21]. Various noble metals, such as platinum [22,23], palladium [24,25], and gold [26,27] show activity for this reaction and have been used as electrodes for GOR electrocatalysis in alkaline media.…”

Three‐dimensional Porous Palladium Foam‐like Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for Glucose Biofuel Cells

“…Presumably,c onstant potential at ap rolonged time (60 s) would transformm ore Pd 2 + to Pd with the same time and site,i ncreasingt he dimensions of the nanoparticles and the extent of agglomeration. [10] Relevante nergy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy patterns( Figure 2a,i nset) confirmt hat Pd is electrodeposited on the substrate successfully.…”

An enhanced Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Copper‐Palladium Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

“…Salazar and co‐works presented a bilayer Ni/Cu porous nanostructured film electrode synthesized by physical vapor deposition, the electrode showed an excellent glucose sensing ability resulting from its highly nanoporous microstructure and the properties of the bimetallic configuration. Chang and co‐workers reported on a palladium‐copper nanosponges (PdCu NS) synthesized by the reduction of Pd 2+ and Cu 2+ using L‐ascorbic acid in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Relative to Pd nanoparticles (NPs) electrode, Cu NPs electrode, commercial Pd/C electrode and Pt/C electrode, PdCu NS‐modified electrodes provide greater glucose oxidation stability and higher electroactive surface area than the others.…”