Palladium catalyzed carbonylations of alkenyl halides with formic acid to get corresponding α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters

Alkali-modified heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed synthesis of acids, amides and esters from aryl halides using formic acid as the CO precursor

“…It is worth noting that the reusability of thi novel catalyst significantly improves the viability of our catalytic system in comparison to the homogeneous systems. 68–72 …”

“…It is worth noting that the reusability of thi novel catalyst signicantly improves the viability of our catalytic system in comparison to the homogeneous systems. [68][69][70][71][72] Next, the heterogeneity test was performed by rst ltering the composite catalyst from the reaction mixture, and aer that, the ltrate was reintroduced into the reaction tube under the reaction conditions of 110 C and 8 h. Interestingly, no change in conversion was observed aer 8 h of reaction time (Fig. S7 †), suggesting that the active Pd species that catalyzed the reaction was not leached into the mixture.…”

Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions by Using Formic Acid as CO Surrogate

“…Peter Pongracz extended the strategy developed by Xiao‐Feng Wu for the synthesis of α,β unsaturated acids from vinylic halides. Instead of using DCC they have Ac 2 O for formic acid activation.…”

“…In the same year, Brigitta Bartel and group performed a Pd catalyzed carbonylation reaction to convert alkenyl halides into esters . In this method, alkenyl halides were treated with phenol in presence of formic acid to get a series of carboxylic esters (Scheme ).…”

CO Gas‐free Intramolecular Cyclocarbonylation Reactions of Haloarenes Having a C‐Nucleophile through CO‐Relay between Rhodium and Palladium

“…[1] Recent notable progress in the field is the elimination of the need for the direct use of carbon monoxide, and, novel substitutes for CO continue to grow. [2,3] Thus, the use of various organic and inorganic carbonyl-containing compounds as as ubstitute for carbon monoxide (CO) allows CO gas-free carbonylation reactions to be carried out. These reactions involvet he in and ex situ-generation of ac arbonyl unit from the substituent (decarbonylation) followed by the incorporation of the resulting carbonyl unit into ac arbonylated substrate (carbonylation).…”