Palladium-catalyzed aryl cyanations with [14C]KCN: Synthesis of14C-labelled fadrozole, a potent aromatase inhibitor

Hybrid Cobalt Doped-Cerium Oxide as a Multifunctional Nanocatalyst for Various Organic Transformations

“…Generally, the synthesis of nitriles involves harsh reaction conditions such as use of aryl halides, atom inefficient oxidizing agents, toxic reagents, and high temperature and pressure by employing pressurized reactors; all of these also result in the copious amount of waste as well. − It is difficult to compare the synthesis of nitriles from different substrates using a variety of catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous). However, we tried to compile and summarize some of the recently reported works on the formation of nitriles (Table S1).…”

“…The nitriles have also been extensively explored as the precursors for the synthesis of a wide range of functional groups including carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, carboxamides, tetrazoles, amines, imidazoles, and oximes . Usually, the preparation of nitriles from aryl halides was carried out using (i) a stoichiometric amount of CuCN at 150–250 °C , and (ii) by the reaction of toluene derivative with oxygen and ammonia at high temperature (300–550 °C) using a fixed-bed heterogeneous catalytic approach. , In some cases, the aryl halides were used as the precursors and the cyanation was performed by using highly toxic reagents such as KCN, NaCN, , CuCN, , Zn­(CN) 2 , − and acetone cyanohydrins. , Recently, the synthesis of nitrile has also been achieved through C–H activation by metal cyanide, but the scope is limited due to the formation of cyano complex, which led to metal poisoning. − Currently, oxygenates such as alcohols and aldehydes are attractive precursors due to their easy availability and handling. There are various approaches that utilize aldehydes to drive the nitriles; however, they have certain drawbacks such as atom inefficient oxidizing agents.…”

Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazoles via α-C–H/N–H Annulation of Alicyclic Amines

“…Compound (±)-1b is known and the characterization data matched our own in all respects. 12 R f = 0.43 (EtOAc/MeOH/i-PrNH 2 , 90:9:1 v/v/v).…”

“…18 The overall three-step approach from piperidine to 4 compares favorably to previous procedures. 12,17 Scheme 4 Synthesis of fadrozole…”

Straightforward Conversion of Arene Carboxylic Acids into Aryl Nitriles by Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cyanation Reaction

“…These observations reflect deactivation of the catalyst by an excess of dissolved cyanide ions in the reaction mixture. 12 Several attempts to improve the procedure by using reported efficient systems for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides, addition of NiBr 2 , 13 CuI, 14 or replacement of KCN by CuCN 15 or Zn(CN) 2 16 were all…”