Palladium Catalysis: Dependence of the Efficiency of C−C Bond Formation on Carboxylate Ligand and Alkali Metal Carboxylate or Carboxylic Acid Additive. Part A: the C(sp²)−C(sp²), C(sp²)−C(sp³) and C(sp³)−C(sp³) Bonds

Abstract

A variety of Pd‐catalyzed reactions are carried out with palladium carboxylates in the presence of carboxylic acids and/or alkali metal carboxylates. This review is Part A of three reviews highlighting the dependence of the efficiency of the formation of the different C–C bonds on the nature of the carboxylate unit. Part A concerns inter‐ and intramolecular reactions leading to the formation of a C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–C(sp<sup>2</sup>), C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) or C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) bond. The variety of procedures and additives is presented as well as the reaction mechanisms with, as far as possible, personal comments.

A Sustainable Access Route to Carbazoles via C–H/C–H Oxidative Functionalization/Cyclization of Arylamines

“…Pivalate is well known for its advantages as a bulky ligand, forming the Pd–pivalate species. This compound plays a pivotal role in C–H functionalization, especially under aerobic oxidative conditions . A complete conversion with a 94% NMR yield was obtained after 24 h at 125 °C (Table , entry 5).…”

“…This compound plays a pivotal role in C−H functionalization, especially under aerobic oxidative conditions. 68 A complete conversion with a 94% NMR yield was obtained after 24 h at 125 °C (Table 1, entry 5). When the amount of Pd/C was reduced to 5 mol %, the yield decreased to 60% (Table 1, entry 6).…”