Palladium and palladium alloy membranes for hydrogen separation and production: History, fabrication strategies, and current performance

Hatlevik, Øyvind; Gade, Sabina K.; Keeling, Matthew K.; Thoen, Paul M.; Davidson, A. P.; Way, J. Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.020

Cited by 189 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Pd-based thin films are usually utilized in such a type of H 2 permselective membranes, because ideally (e.g. in defect-free membranes) the selectivity towards hydrogen is infinite [9][10][11]. In fact, H 2 catalytically dissociates over Pd and may be transported through the membrane in the form of atomic hydrogen, while the transport of other atoms such as oxygen or carbon virtually does not occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nanostructure on the effect of CO2 on the properties of Pd–Ag thin-film for H2 separation

Abate

Centi

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Dedicated to the friend Helmut Knözinger on in the occasion of his 75 th birthday for the seminal contribution to the advancement of fundamental knowledge on catalysis. AbstractThe use of co-deposition instead of sequential deposition during the preparation of Pd-Ag thin films by electroless plating deposition leads to two different nanostructures, e.g. a dendritic nanostructure or a more compact and dense film, allowing to analyze the role of this parameter, at equal membrane composition, on the performances. In pure H2 the permeability to hydrogen of the second type of thin films is 3-4 times higher, but the presence of CO2 in the feed changes considerably the performances. The results are tentatively interpreted on the basis of a non-permanent in situ modification of the characteristics of the Pd-Ag thin films, with creation of strains and microholes particularly enhanced for the nanostructure present in the sample prepared by co-deposition. These strains and microholes are suggested to derive from the combined effect of CO2 (with creation of subsurface O and/or C) and of hydrogen diffusion through the thin film, which induces lattice expansion and stress on the nanograins. When the flux of H2 stops, there is a relatively rapid restoring of the initial situation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization after the tests in the presence of CO2 indicates the presence of desintering consistently with above indications and the creation of crack like voids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nanostructure on the effect of CO2 on the properties of Pd–Ag thin-film for H2 separation

Abate

Centi

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis A: General

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“…Since sulphur is a common contaminant in hydrocarbon streams from both renewable and fossil sources, this makes the Pd-Au system particularly appealing for real-world purification applications. In previous work, we have successfully produced palladiumgold alloys by sequential electroless plating, creating both supported composite membranes and freestanding foils [10,11]. The plated materials have the same stability and tolerance to typical reformate streams as cold rolled materials, but due to the method of fabrication, tend to have enhanced surface gold contents and may not be entirely similar to homogeneous alloys [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fabrication technique upon material properties and permeation characteristics of palladium-gold alloy membranes for hydrogen separations

2010

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This work highlights new research into the fundamental properties of palladium-gold alloy membranes. Two types of self-supported palladium-gold foils were studied; membranes produced by magnetron sputtering and membranes produced by cold-working. The cold-worked membranes had thicknesses of 25 microns and gold contents from 0-40 wt% Au, while the sputtered films ranged from 10-31 microns in thickness and 5-10 wt% Au. These films were characterized by single-gas permeation testing in the temperature range of 473-773K and at pressures of up to 772 kPa. Membranes were studied before and after testing by XRD, XPS, XRF, and SEM/EDS.Hydrogen permeability in the 0-20 wt Au% range was found to be a function of synthesis technique as much as alloy content, with no single alloy having superior permeability at all temperatures. Sputtered materials had generally higher permeability than cold-worked materials of equivalent composition, although the thicker sputtered membrane had reduced hydrogen permeability compared to its thinner counterparts.

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“…The simplicity of hydrogen uptake makes Pd a promising candidate for hydrogen storage [16][17][18][19], for example as catalyst for hydrogen uptake and removal in other hydride forming metals [20]. Its properties enable also application as membrane for hydrogen purification [21][22][23]. Regarding the hydride formation of Pd, it is important to consider the Pd-Hphase diagram [24], which indicates the occurrence of two phases [25][26][27]: α-PdH x,α (x α,max = 0.015) and β-PdH x,β (x β,min = 0.607) are separated by a miscibility gap, characterized by the coexistence of both phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

Schimo

Burgstaller

Hassel

2017

J Solid State Electrochem

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Influence of oxygen concentration in the measurement atmosphere on detection of hydrogen using Kelvin probe was studied. The studied material was a 100-μm-thick palladium foil, which was mounted in a 3D printed electrochemical flow cell. The used setup enables hydrogen loading with in-situ contact potential measurement of the hydrogen exit side of the Pd electrode. The hydrogen loading and unloading procedure, including insertion of different amounts of hydrogen into the Pd membrane and recording resulting values of contact potential difference, was performed at distinct oxygen concentrations ranging between 1 and 80 vol%. An increasing amount of oxygen in the atmosphere surrounding the hydrogen-loaded Pd electrode resulted in an accelerated removal of hydrogen from the Pd. The kinetics of this reaction was studied based on Kelvin probe measurements, and a reaction mechanism is discussed.

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Palladium and palladium alloy membranes for hydrogen separation and production: History, fabrication strategies, and current performance

Cited by 189 publications

References 28 publications

The influence of the nanostructure on the effect of CO2 on the properties of Pd–Ag thin-film for H2 separation

The influence of the nanostructure on the effect of CO2 on the properties of Pd–Ag thin-film for H2 separation

Effects of fabrication technique upon material properties and permeation characteristics of palladium-gold alloy membranes for hydrogen separations

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

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