Paleosols from some Cretaceous environments in the southeastern United States

Sigleo, W.R.; Reinhardt, Juergen

doi:10.1130/spe216-p123

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…According to Darby (1975), kaolinite in Amerasian Arctic Ocean deep sea sediments is derived from reworked deposits and from relict soils of northern Alaska and Canada. Particularly in Mesozoic series kaolinitization is the most common weathering process indicating a warm and humid climate during this period (e.g., Charnley, 1987;Sigleo andReinhardt, 1988, andWeaver, 1989). In addition to volcanic origin, kaolinite enrichment in western Laptev Sea surface sediments can therefore be explained by the erosion of kaolinitebearing Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic series of the Siberian Platform and of the JenissejKhatanga basin acting as the drainage area of Olenek, Anabar, and Khatanga rivers.…”

Section: Illite and Chloritementioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Mineral Distribution in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea: Indicator for Sediment Provinces, Dynamics and Sources

Rossak

Kassens

Lange

et al. 1999

Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic

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-Forty-eight surface sediment samples from the Laptev Sea taken during the Russian -German expedition Transdrift I in summer 1993 were analysed for their clay mineral composition (illite. smectite. chlorite. and kaolinite). Different clay mineral provinces. the role of fluvial sediment-supply. transport mechanisms, and possible source areas are discussed. The distribution patterns of the clay minerals allow to distinguish between three different provinces: 1. In the western Laptev Sea sediments are particularly rich in smectite and are characterized by a slight enrichment in kaolinite. 2. Sediments in the eastern Laptev Sea are very poor in kaolinite. 3. The southeastern Laptev Sea is dominated by illite and chlorite. The distribution of clay minerals in the Laptev Sea is controlled both by river run-off and summer surface currents. The Lena and Yana rivers mainly deliver illite and chlorite, smectite is supplied almost exclusively by the Anabar and Khatanga rivers, kaolinite by the Anabar, Khatanga, and Olenek rivers. From the river mouths, surface currents transport smectite and kaolinite hundreds of km eastward. mite and chlorite are most probably erosional products of Paleozoic slates cropping out in the drainage areas of the Lena and Yana rivers. Smectite originates from Mesozoic and Cenozoic weathering residues of the Permo-Triassic Putoran-Plateau flood basalts. Kaolinite is probably derived from the erosion of kaolinite-rich Mesozoic sediments of the Siberian Platform.

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Section: Illite and Chloritementioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Mineral Distribution in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea: Indicator for Sediment Provinces, Dynamics and Sources

Rossak

Kassens

Lange

et al. 1999

Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic

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“…Clearly recognizable burrows are uncommon in the Nanushuk paleosols; however, some tubular, horizontal and subhorizontal branching structures 2-5 mm in diameter may be burrows (cf. Sigleo and Reinhardt, 1988;Retallack, 2001).…”

Section: Soil Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Alluvial facies and paleosols in the Cretaceous Nanushuk formation, Kanayut River, North Slope, Alaska, Preliminary results from the 2001 field season

McCarthy¹

2003

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Paleosols are increasingly viewed as an important, if not critical component in nonmarine sequence stratigraphic analyses where they mark interfluve sequence boundaries and provide at least qualitative information on relative rates of accommodation change within intervening alluvial strata. However, the application of detailed paleopedological analyses to nonmarine sequence stratigraphic studies is still relatively rare.This study focuses on alluvial and coastal plain deposits of the Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation exposed in outcrop along the Kanayut River south of the NPRA. During the 2001 field season, this site was logged and sampled for subsequent micromorphological, geochemical and mineralogical analyses. Preliminary observations indicate that pedogenic modification of alluvial deposits is common, however, rapid deposition of sediment and generally wet conditions resulted in a preponderance of weakly-developed and poorly-drained paleosols similar to modern Entisols, Inceptisols, Gleysols and Histosols. Sandstone and mudstone paleosols may contain a few large root traces, sometimes expressed as vertical to subhorizontal coalified structures or as surface cradle knolls, but they maintain evidence of primary stratification and cumulic development. Coalified and carbonaceous root traces, organic fragments, blocky structures and abundant siderite nodules provide further evidence of waterlogged conditions. By combining field observations, paleosols micromorphology, geochemistry and mineralogy with regional stratigraphic information, it is possible to pin-point the exact position of sequence boundaries in nonmarine rocks. Further work is planned in an attempt to better understand the regional distribution of paleosols in the Nanushuk Formation in order to better characterize significant nonmarine depositional hiatuses (sequence boundaries) and Cretaceous high latitude paleoenvironmental conditions.

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“…The chronology of deposition is based largely on the biostratigraphy of the deposits as summarized by Sohl and Smith (1980 Deposition of the Tuscaloosa Formation appears to have been temporally coincident with the highest inferred worldwide sea levels for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Prior to the deposition of the Tuscaloosa, the eastern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain was emergent and tectonically stable, as indicated by the preservation of mature paleosols on the bedrock surface underlying the Tuscaloosa (Sigleo and Reinhardt, 1988). The pollen record indicates that the Tuscaloosa was deposited in the Chattahoochee River valley during the late Cenomanian and possibly the early Turonian (Christopher, 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 1988 U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the geology and geohydrology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain

Gohn¹

1992

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Paleosols from some Cretaceous environments in the southeastern United States

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Clay Mineral Distribution in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea: Indicator for Sediment Provinces, Dynamics and Sources

Clay Mineral Distribution in Surface Sediments of the Laptev Sea: Indicator for Sediment Provinces, Dynamics and Sources

Alluvial facies and paleosols in the Cretaceous Nanushuk formation, Kanayut River, North Slope, Alaska, Preliminary results from the 2001 field season

Proceedings of the 1988 U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the geology and geohydrology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain

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