Paleoseismology

Ludwig, Lisa Grant

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00088-9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…14 C dating is commonly well‐known as an effective geochronological method for dating Holocene and late Pleistocene paleoseismological event (Grant Ludwig, 2015). To estimate sedimentdeposition times, we took radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements (Beta‐Analytics) on dark‐colored organic‐rich material embedded in the sediment, as well as wood material within sediment deposits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Aribowo

Husson

Natawidjaja³

et al. 2022

Tectonics

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The Java Back‐arc Thrust scars the entire back‐arc area of Java Island, but the faults' nature, timing, and activity remain partly elusive. Characterizing the structure and activity of the seismogenic Java Back‐arc Thrust (historical earthquakes up to 7 Mw) is a cornerstone to evaluate associated geohazards. We focus on the western part of Java Back‐arc Thrust that reaches the megalopolis of Jakarta. We combine morphotectonic data, seismic reflection, electric resistivity profiles, kinematic, structural field measurements, paleoseismological trenching, and sediment dating (optically stimulated luminescence and 14C). Our results suggest that the interplay between the faults, volcanoes, and sedimentary basin modulates the propagation of the fault system across and along‐strike. The West Java Back‐arc Thrust has been active from Pliocene to Recent, but with a laterally variable tempo and tectonic regime. While tectonic activity was sustained for longer times in the eastern part, the West Java Back‐arc Thrust broke through the Jakarta Basin in the west, possibly only since the Late Pleistocene, and partitions into a network of immature transpressive structures. We conclude that the West Java Back‐arc Thrust has a high seismic hazard that requires a careful risk evaluation along its trace, as it threatens the numerous infrastructures of the densely populated West Java.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Aribowo

Husson

Natawidjaja³

et al. 2022

Tectonics

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“…We successfully reexcavated portions of WC7 and WC11, which had originally been excavated by backhoe. We used conventional paleoseismic field methods (Grant Ludwig, ) to stabilize trenches WC7, WC11, and WC12, clean the walls, install a grid, photograph the walls, identify stratigraphic units described by S&J84, log the exposures, and collect detrital charcoal samples for radiocarbon dating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of San Andreas Fault Slip Rate Measurements at Wallace Creek in the Carrizo Plain, CA

Ludwig

Akciz

Arrowsmith

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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Reproducibility of results from scientific studies is rarely demonstrated outside the laboratory. Measurements of fault slip rate underpin scientific models of active faulting and seismic hazard assessments widely used for policymaking and risk mitigation. We replicated a highly referenced study that measured the slip rate as 33.9 ± 2.9 mm/year along the San Andreas fault over the past ~3,700 years at Wallace Creek in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, USA. Our results provide a slip rate of slip 36 ± 1 mm/year since ~3,500 CalBP. We find that the late Holocene slip rate of the San Andreas fault, a key indicator of seismic hazard, is reproducible within measurement uncertainty. Geologic slip rate determinations are relatively insensitive to short‐term fluctuations and thus should be reproducible if the time interval of measurement is much greater than the average rupture interval.

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“…In this study, we implemented the paleoseismic trenching method to identify the evidence for ground ruptures along the fault and to determine their timing (e.g., Grant Ludwig, 2015;Marliyani & Ludwig, 2016;McCalpin, 2009). This study is the first documentation of the paleoseismology of this fault and one among few paleoseismic studies using trenching methods ever conducted in Java.…”

Section: 1029/2018tc005255mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Multiple Ground‐Rupturing Earthquakes in the Past 4,000 Years Along the Pasuruan Fault, East Java, Indonesia: Documentation of Active Normal Faulting in the Javan Backarc

2019

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Instrumental and historical records of earthquakes supplemented by paleoeseismic records reveal the earthquake potential of an area. The back‐arc region of the Javan subduction system has been considered to be inactive seismically and is identified as a region of low seismic hazard on the seismic hazard map of Indonesia. However, our study documents recent geological activity along Pasuruan Fault, a high‐angle normal fault located within this zone. The fault is expressed in the landscape as prominent ~13‐km‐long, 2‐ to 50‐m‐high scarps cutting Pleistocene sediments on the north coast of East Java. We excavated two fault‐perpendicular trenches across a relay ramp structure and documented evidence for past earthquakes in both trenches. Our preliminary age model, constrained by 23 radiocarbon dates on detrital charcoal, indicates that since 2006 ± 134 cal BCE, there have been at least six ground‐rupturing earthquakes along the fault at this location. The most recent is attributed to the 1852 Grati earthquake. Our modeled 95th percentile ranges for the next four earlier earthquakes (and their mean, in years CE) are 1786–1846(1816), 1666–1777(1721), 1086–1648(1367), and 726–1093(909). Using these events, we calculate a recurrence interval of 236 ± 46 years. The Pasuruan Fault is located near the western end of the Bali‐Flores back‐arc basin. The late Holocene activity along the fault shows that extensional faulting is ongoing though the mechanism causing this structure remains unclear. Although the fault is considered as a minor structure, its potential for producing large earthquakes may pose significant hazard to the densely populated region.

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Paleoseismology

Cited by 7 publications

References 123 publications

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Active Back‐Arc Thrust in North West Java, Indonesia

Reproducibility of San Andreas Fault Slip Rate Measurements at Wallace Creek in the Carrizo Plain, CA

Evidence for Multiple Ground‐Rupturing Earthquakes in the Past 4,000 Years Along the Pasuruan Fault, East Java, Indonesia: Documentation of Active Normal Faulting in the Javan Backarc

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