Paleoliquefaction evidence and periodicity of large prehistoric earthquakes in Shillong Plateau, India

Sukhija, B. S.; Rao, M. N.; Reddy, D. V.; Nagabhushanam, P.; Hussain, Syed Asim; Chadha, R. K.; Gupta, Harsh K.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00015-1

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(Table 1). Out of various evidences for this event elaborated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b, we reproduce one, which supports a common source for this and the other paleoearthquakes identified by them. We believe that a compelling case can be made relating the size of observed liquefaction features and their source distance.…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b constrained this earthquake (referred henceforth as the 500 years B.P. event) through extensive paleoseismic investigations of liquefaction and deformation.…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 500 years B.P. and other events dated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b are constrained by maximum/minimum and coeval ages and have similar liquefaction signatures in terms of the size of sand dikes, etc. (Table 1).…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They believe it was responsible for the great 1897 earthquake and have questioned the location of Oldham Fault (OF) computed from repeated triangulation data [Bilham and England, 2001]. Further, Rajendran et al [2004] have concluded that the return period of great earthquakes in the Shillong Plateau area is about 1200 years, thus questioning the return period of 500 years estimated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b, who have identified a large earthquake 1450 -1650 A.D. (besides 1897 A.D., 700 -1050 A.D. and earlier than 600 A.D. seismic events) based on liquefaction and other deformational features in the Shillong Plateau. With only three 14 C dates from two obscure liquefaction features from a single location (Dilma) and some additional archaeological and historic evidences, Rajendran et al [2004] correlated this (1450 -1650 A.D.) event with another earthquake (felt at Sadiya in 1697 A.D.) distal from the Shillong Plateau and infer an earlier event (1200 years B.P.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…(f) Pseudonodules formed by sinking into underlying clay deposit due to reversed density gradients. regions in the world, e.g., the Wabash Valley seismic zone, the New Madrid Zone [Obermeier, 1996] and in south central Indiana [Munson et al, 1995] and dikes as much as 0.3 m wide have been associated with the great Assam earthquake west of the Shilong plateau [Sukhija et al, 1999]. In the Tshojo plain lateral spreading may have been facilitated by free surfaces formed by the riverbanks of the Dota and Pho river in the west and the south, respectively, thus reducing resistance to lateral movement ( Figure 5a).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Soft Sediment Deformation Features In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active tectonics in Eastern Lunana (NW Bhutan): Implications for the seismic and glacial hazard potential of the Bhutan Himalaya

Meyer

Wiesmayr

Brauner³

et al. 2006

Tectonics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paleoseismological investigations, brittle fault analysis, and paleostrain calculations combined with the interpretation of satellite imagery and flood wave modeling were used to investigate the seismic and associated glacial hazard potential in Eastern Lunana, a remote area in NW Bhutan. Seismically induced liquefaction features, cracked pebbles, and a surface rupture of about 6.8 km length constrain the occurrence of M ≥ 6 earthquakes within this high‐altitude periglacial environment, which are the strongest earthquakes ever been reported for the Kingdom of Bhutan. Seismicity occurs along conjugate sets of faults trending NE‐SW to NNW‐SSE by strike‐slip and normal faulting mechanism indicating E‐W extension and N‐S shortening. The strain field for these conjugate sets of active faults is consistent with widespread observations of young E‐W expansion throughout southern Tibet and the north Himalaya. We expect, however, that N‐S trending active strike‐slip faults may even reach much farther to the south, at least into southern Bhutan. Numerous glacial lakes exist in the investigation area, and today more than 100 × 106 m3 of water are stored in moraine‐dammed and supraglacial lakes which are crosscut by active faults. Strong earthquakes may trigger glacial lake outburst floods, and the impact of such flash floods may be worst 80 km downstream where the valley is broad and densely populated. Consequently, tectonic models of active deformation have to be closely linked with glacial hazard evaluation and require rethinking and modification.

show abstract

Palaeoseismological evidence for the 1570 Ferrara earthquake, Italy

Caputo

Poli

Minarelli³

et al. 2016

Tectonics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In May 2012, two earthquakes (Mw 6.1 and 5.9) affected the Po Plain, Italy. The strongest shock produced extensive secondary effects associated with liquefaction phenomena. Few weeks after the earthquakes, an exploratory trench was excavated across a levee of the palaeo‐Reno reach, where a system of aligned ground ruptures was observed. The investigated site well preserves the geomorphic expression of a fluvial body that mainly formed in the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries as historical sources and radiometric data testify. In the trench several features pinpointed the occurrence of past liquefaction events: (i) dikes filled with overpressured injected sand and associated with vertical displacements have no correspondence with the fractures mapped at the surface; (ii) thick dikes are buried by the plowed level or even by fluvial deposits; (iii) although some of the 2012 ground fractures characterized by vertical displacement and opening occurred in correspondence of thick dikes observed in the trench, sand and water ejection did not occur; (iv) some seismites (load casts) were observed in the trench well above the 2012 water level. The results strongly suggest that shaking has locally occurred in the past producing a sufficient ground motion capable of triggering liquefaction phenomena prior to, and likely stronger than, the May 2012 earthquake. Historical seismicity documents three seismic events that might have been able to generate liquefaction in the broader investigated area. Based on the analysis of their macroseismic fields, the 17 November 1570 Ferrara earthquake is the most likely causative event of the observed palaeoliquefactions.

show abstract

Paleoliquefaction evidence and periodicity of large prehistoric earthquakes in Shillong Plateau, India

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

Active tectonics in Eastern Lunana (NW Bhutan): Implications for the seismic and glacial hazard potential of the Bhutan Himalaya

Palaeoseismological evidence for the 1570 Ferrara earthquake, Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About