Paleolatitudes of the Kerguelen hotspot: new paleomagnetic results and dynamic modeling

Antretter, M.; Steinberger, Bernhard; Heider, Franz; Soffel, H.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00841-5

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…F1) coincide with previous paleolatitudes obtained from Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge rocks (Antretter et al, 2002). All of the paleolatitudes differ from one current option for the location of the Kerguelen hotspot at 49°S beneath the Kerguelen archipelago (Fig.…”

Section: Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetismsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Motion between the Earth's mantle and rotation axis (i.e., true polar wander) cannot explain the difference. Numerical modeling of plume conduit motion in a large-scale mantle flow predicts southward motion of the Kerguelen hotspot of 3°-10°, which is consistent with paleomagnetic results (Antretter et al, 2002).…”

Section: Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetismsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Furthermore, paleolatitudes of Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge rocks suggest 3°-10° of southward motion of the Kerguelen hotspot relative to the rotation axis since 100 Ma, a result that can be numerically modeled with large-scale mantle flow affecting the location of the plume conduit (Antretter et al, 2002). Plate reconstruction models for the Indian and Southern Oceans since 130 Ma (Coffin et al, 2002, without southward plume motion; Kent et al, 2002, with southward plume motion) indicate that seafloor spreading initiated between Western Australia and Greater India at ~133 Ma (Fig.…”

Section: The Kerguelen Hotspot and Indian Ocean Plate Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…record of Kerguelen hotspot activity the best documented of any hotspot trace on Earth. Paleolatitudes of Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge basalt suggest 3°-10°s outhward motion of the hotspot relative to the rotation axis, a finding that can be modeled by large-scale mantle flow influencing the location of the plume conduit (Antretter et al, 2002). b. Mafic crust totaling ~2.5 ´ 10 7 km 3 has been produced from the Kerguelen hotspot source(s) since ~130 Ma.…”

Section: Magmatism and Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Leg 183 Synthesis: Kerguelen Plateau–Broken Ridge—A Large Igneous Province

Frey¹,

Coffin²,

Wallace³

et al. 2003

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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The Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge form a large igneous province (LIP) in the southern Indian Ocean. The main objectives of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 183 were to understand the origin and evolution of this LIP and the impact of its formation on the environment. Igneous basement (33 to 233 m of penetration) has been recovered from 11 drill sites on the LIP, and 7 are Leg 183 sites. Studies of the basement and sediment cores lead to the following conclusions. Although an important caveat is that we have access only to uppermost basement of a thick (~20 km) igneous crust, these results are inconsistent with massive volcanism associated with a single plume head and continental breakup. 2. The uppermost igneous basement is dominantly tholeiitic basalt. Based on the physical characteristics of the lava flows, which indicate subaerial eruption, and the occurrence of overlying terrestrially derived sediments containing wood fragments, fern remains, and terrestrial palynoflora, much of the LIP was above sea level when magmatic output was high. 3. The geochemical characteristics of basalt forming the LIP are unlike mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). There are, however,

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Section: Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetismsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetismsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Kerguelen Hotspot and Indian Ocean Plate Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Magmatism and Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Leg 183 Synthesis: Kerguelen Plateau–Broken Ridge—A Large Igneous Province

Frey¹,

Coffin²,

Wallace³

et al. 2003

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…Perhaps the best documented case is the separation of the Kerguelen Plateau from the Ninety-East Ridge and the Rajmahal basalts (Weis et al, 2002;Kent et al, 2002;Coffin et al, 2002). In order to link the basaltic outpourings on mainland India with the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge a series of ridge jumps are postulated to have occurred as the Kerguelan hotspot drifted slowly to the south (Kent et al, 2002;Antretter et al, 2002). Other models involve multiple plumes (e.g., Coffin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Large Igneous Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ridge-crossing seamount chains: A nonthermal approach

Beutel¹,

Anderson²

2007

Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes

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Ridge-crossing seamount chains; a non-thermal approachIn this paper we examine whether it is viable to form an age-progressive ridge crossing seamount chain using a non-plume mechanism. Non-thermal melt sources considered include fertile mantle blobs and sub-solidus mantle while lithospheric stresses generated at the ridge and at ridge-transform intersections are tapped to bring the mantle to the surface. Finite element models, analog models, and an analysis of the Tristan de Cunha chain all show that ridge-crossing seamount chains may be created using these mechanisms. Essentially, as a ridge migrates or reorganizes excess magmatism may appear to switch sides of the ridge as areas of extensional stress at the ridge-transform intersection migrate with the ridge.. INTRODUCTIONHypotheses for ridge-crossing seamount chains have focused on the interaction of mantle plumes with migrating ridge segments (DePaolo & Manga, 2003;Sleep 2002b).These hypotheses call for a stationary plume of hot mantle material that rises to the base of the lithosphere and creates a chain of age-progressive seamounts in the middle of the plate. As a migrating ridge approaches the plume, buoyant mantle material rises along the base of the lithosphere like a helium balloon along a cathedral ceiling to the ridge and age progressive chains of seamounts are created on both sides of the ridge from a single hotspot source. Eventually the ridge moves away from the plume and seamount production switches across the ridge to the other plate, ceases to generate seamounts on 2 the ridge, and continues to generate seamounts on the new plate only (e.g., DePaolo & Manga, 2003;Sleep 2002b;Ribe et al., 1996;Kincaid et al., 1996;Small, 1995). This scenario results in the formation of an asymmetrical V-shaped array of seamounts such as the Tristan de Cunha chain in the South Atlantic (Figure 1).Because current non-thermal models of seamount formation are unable to explain this geometry, (e.g. propagating cracks are presumed to be unable to cross ridges, and asthenospheric heterogeneities are presumed to be moving rapidly), ridge-crossing seamount chains have been cited as evidence for plumes of material that remain relatively stationary in comparison to the plates. However, if the mantle is lithologically heterogeneous and contains areas with different melting points on a scale from km to 100's of km and/or if ridge-transform intersections are involved, then non-thermal ridgecrossing seamount chains are not only viable, but also likely. In this paper we propose a mechanism for the development of ridge-crossing seamount chains that does not invoke deep mantle plumes yet still accounts for the four primary elements necessary for a viable hypothesis for the origin of seamount chains ranging in size from 2 or 3 seamounts to seamount chains spanning a 100 Ma. The primary elements included in this mechanism are; a source of melt, a means of bringing melt to the surface, an asymmetrical ridgecrossing seamount chain, and an explanation for the age progressive nature o...

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Variable Melt Production Rate of the Kerguelen HotSpot Due To Long‐Term Plume‐Ridge Interaction

Bredow

Steinberger

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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For at least 120 Myr, the Kerguelen plume has distributed enormous amounts of magmatic rocks over various igneous provinces between India, Australia, and Antarctica. Previous attempts to reconstruct the complex history of this plume have revealed several characteristics that are inconsistent with properties typically associated with plumes. To explore the geodynamic behavior of the Kerguelen hotspot, and in particular address these inconsistencies, we set up a regional viscous flow model with the mantle convection code ASPECT. Our model features complex time‐dependent boundary conditions in order to explicitly simulate the surrounding conditions of the Kerguelen plume. We show that a constant plume influx can result in a variable magma production rate if the plume interacts with nearby spreading ridges and that a dismembered plume, multiple plumes, or solitary waves in the plume conduit are not required to explain the fluctuating magma output and other unusual characteristics attributed to the Kerguelen hotspot.

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Paleolatitudes of the Kerguelen hotspot: new paleomagnetic results and dynamic modeling

Cited by 45 publications

References 52 publications

Leg 183 Synthesis: Kerguelen Plateau–Broken Ridge—A Large Igneous Province

Leg 183 Synthesis: Kerguelen Plateau–Broken Ridge—A Large Igneous Province

Ridge-crossing seamount chains: A nonthermal approach

Variable Melt Production Rate of the Kerguelen HotSpot Due To Long‐Term Plume‐Ridge Interaction

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