Paleoglacial records from Kavron Valley, NE Turkey: Field and cosmogenic exposure dating evidence

Akçar, Naki; Yavuz, Vural; Ivy‐Ochs, Susan; Kubik, Peter W.; Vardar, Mahir; Schlüchter, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.020

Cited by 113 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using cosmogenic radioisotope dating, Akçar et al (2007Akçar et al ( , 2008 found evidence that glacier expansion in the Kaçkar Mountains (NE Anatolia) started at ∼ 26 ± 1.2 ka BP and lasted until ∼ 18.3 ± 0.9 ka BP. Maximum glacier expansion occurred at ∼ 20.3 ± 1.5 ka BP in north-western Anatolia (Zahno et al, 2010), at ∼ 21.3 ± 0.9 ka BP in central Anatolia (Sarıkaya et al, 2009), and at ∼ 20.4 ± 1.3 ka BP in western Taurus (Arz et al, 2007); together with regional data from northern Anatolia: (c) δ 13 C from Sofular Cave (Fleitmann et al, 2009) reflecting changes in C3 and C4 plants and from Black Sea core 25-GC1: (d) arboreal pollen record (%) and Quercus curve (thin line); (e) xerophytic biome (%) with smoothed curve (thick line; simple moving 20 points average) (please note the reverse scale); (f) temperate biome (%) with smoothed curve (thick line); (g) concentration of marine dinocysts and acritarchs (specimens cm −3 ); (h) concentration of freshwater algae (specimens cm −3 ).…”

Section: Long-term Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Shumilovskikh¹,

Fleitmann

Nowaczyk

et al. 2014

Clim. Past

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. High-resolution pollen and dinoflagellate cyst records from sediment core M72/5-25-GC1 were used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in northern Anatolia and surface conditions of the Black Sea between 64 and 20 ka BP. During this period, the dominance of Artemisia in the pollen record indicates a steppe landscape and arid climate conditions. However, the concomitant presence of temperate arboreal pollen suggests the existence of glacial refugia in northern Anatolia. Long-term glacial vegetation dynamics reveal two major arid phases ∼ 64-55 and 40-32 ka BP, and two major humid phases ∼ 54-45 and 28-20 ka BP, correlating with higher and lower summer insolation, respectively. Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles are clearly indicated by the 25-GC1 pollen record. Greenland interstadials are characterized by a marked increase in temperate tree pollen, indicating a spread of forests due to warm/wet conditions in northern Anatolia, whereas Greenland stadials reveal cold and arid conditions as indicated by spread of xerophytic biomes. There is evidence for a phase lag of ∼ 500 to 1500 yr between initial warming and forest expansion, possibly due to successive changes in atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic sector. The dominance of Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis in the dinocyst record indicates brackish Black Sea conditions during the entire glacial period. The decrease of marine indicators (marine dinocysts, acritarchs) at ∼ 54 ka BP and increase of freshwater algae (Pediastrum, Botryococcus) from 32 to 25 ka BP reveals freshening of the Black Sea surface water. This freshening is possibly related to humid phases in the region, to connection between Caspian Sea and Black Sea, to seasonal freshening by floating ice, and/or to closer position of river mouths due to low sea level. In the southern Black Sea, Greenland interstadials are clearly indicated by high dinocyst concentrations and calcium carbonate content, as a result of an increase in primary productivity. Heinrich events show a similar impact on the environment in the northern Anatolia/Black Sea region as Greenland stadials.

show abstract

Section: Long-term Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Shumilovskikh¹,

Fleitmann

Nowaczyk

et al. 2014

Clim. Past

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yet, it is difficult to imagine such events leading to the genetic homogeny observed among Ararat Valley, Gardman and Lake Van. Given the inhospitable climatic conditions 4 and paucity of archaeological remains 3 in Armenia from the millennia preceding the Neolithic, the predominance of Neolithic Y-chromosomes in Armenia suggests that the region was sparsely settled before the arrival of early farmers. 5 Settlement during the Mesolithic, such as those observed near Sasun, 4 were likely only fleeting.…”

Section: Genetic Support For Neolithic Origins Of the Armenian Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the inhospitable climatic conditions 4 and paucity of archaeological remains 3 in Armenia from the millennia preceding the Neolithic, the predominance of Neolithic Y-chromosomes in Armenia suggests that the region was sparsely settled before the arrival of early farmers. 5 Settlement during the Mesolithic, such as those observed near Sasun, 4 were likely only fleeting. We envision a hypothetical, yet compelling, scenario in which Neolithic agriculturalists from the Levant occupied a vacant Armenian Plateau.…”

Section: Genetic Support For Neolithic Origins Of the Armenian Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although archaeological evidence for human as well as Neanderthal activity in Armenia during the Paleolithic era exists, 1,2 the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) likely made permanent settlements of the region infeasible 3 until the glacial recessions between 16 and 18 kya. 4 While Mesolithic sites in Sasun are known, 5 the improving climatic conditions during this period allowed the Armenian plateau to gradually transform into a region characterized by bountiful water supply and wealth of fertile plains. 6 The transition from the LGM to a hospitable landscape that would support stable and detectable human occupation is expected to have progressed over millennia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neolithic patrilineal signals indicate that the Armenian plateau was repopulated by agriculturalists

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Moraines are exposed to cosmic rays from the moment the glacier starts to retreat and it is assumed that the deposited material has not been exposed to cosmic rays previously, thus the minimum age of deposition of the moraine is calculated as the beginning of glacial retreat (Zreda and Phillips, 2000). In Turkey by measurement of 36 Cl and 10 Be cosmogenic isotopes on moraines, the chronology of Quaternary glaciation has been revealed in detail and paleoclimate interpretations have been made (Akçar et al, 2007;Sar›kaya et al, 2008;2009;Sar›kaya, 2009;Zahno et al, 2009;2010;Zreda et al, 2011;Akçar et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Method: Cosmogenic Surface Exposure Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene Glaciations and Paleoclimate of Turkey

Sarıkaya¹,

Çiner²

2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glaciers respond quickly to climatic changes and thus they are considered to be very accurate indicators of changes in atmospheric conditions. Similarly, the extent of past glaciers gives valuable insights into paleoclimatic changes. For this purpose, we reviewed the paleo-glaciated mountains where cosmogenic surface exposure dating was applied in Turkey. We also evaluated the paleoclimatic results obtained from these studies to provide a regional overview. Twenty-seven mountains in Turkey are high enough to support Quaternary valley glaciers or ice caps. The timing of glaciations was reported mainly by cosmogenic dating of moraines. We re-evaluated the dated sites and recalculated some of the published cosmogenic ages using the up-to-date production rates. The oldest geochronological records reported from the region belong to the glaciations before the globally defined Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These glaciers developed probably during the beginning of the last glaciation (MIS 4; 71 ka ago) and stopped advancing at the end of the MIS 3 (at 29-35 ka ago). Later, glaciers expanded and reached to their most extensive locations during MIS 2 (after 29 ka ago). They reached maximum extents between 21.5 ka ago and 18.5 ka ago. This local-LGM was synchronous with the global-LGM. After the LGM, the glaciers started to retreat to less extensive positions and deposited their moraines 16 ka ago during the Late Glacial. The Younger Dryas (~12 ka ago) advances were also reported from a limited number of mountains. Rare Early Holocene glaciations were dated to 8.5 ka in the interior regions. Late Holocene (1-4 ka ago) and Little Ice Age (between 1300-1850 AD) advances were also observed. We reconstructed the paleoclimate using glacier modeling together with paleoclimate proxy data from several regions. The results show that LGM climate was 8-11°C colder than today and moisture levels were 1.5 to 2 times in SW Turkey, somewhat similar to modern values in central parts and 30 % drier in the NE. The Late Glacial was colder by 4.5-6.4°C based on up to 50 % wetter conditions. The Early Holocene was 2.1-4.9°C colder and up to twice as wet as today, while the Late Holocene was 2.4-3°C colder and its precipitation amounts approached to similar conditions as today.

show abstract

Paleoglacial records from Kavron Valley, NE Turkey: Field and cosmogenic exposure dating evidence

Cited by 113 publications

References 31 publications

Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Neolithic patrilineal signals indicate that the Armenian plateau was repopulated by agriculturalists

Late Pleistocene Glaciations and Paleoclimate of Turkey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About