Paleoclimate and the Origin of Paleozoic Chert: Time to Re-Examine the Origins of Chert in the Rock Record

Cecil, C. Blaine

doi:10.2110/sedred.2015.3.4

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reactive quartz dust, therefore, experiences enhanced solubility and becomes susceptible to dissolution and diagenetic alteration. This hypothesis helps interpret the origin of non‐marine cherts (Cecil, 2015; Cecil et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quartz Crystallinity Index of Arabian Sands and Sandstones

Radwan

Humphrey

Al‐Ramadan

2021

Earth and Space Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quartz, a dominant resistant component in many rocks and sediments, crystallizes under varying thermodynamic and kinetic conditions (Götze, 2012). Quartz crystallinity index (QCI) is a semi-quantitative 0-10 scale that expresses the crystallinity of powdered quartz by measuring the intensity of the (212) X-ray diffraction peak (Murata & Norman, 1976). Although not thus far attributed to any particular crystal-structural property (Broekmans, 2012;Marinoni & Broekmans, 2013), QCI has successfully distinguished between quartz forming under different crystallization conditions including temperature, pressure, rate of crystallization, and age (Katayama et al., 1989;Murata & Norman, 1976). In addition to sedimentary provenance studies, QCI has been considered for use in civil engineering (to predict deleterious reactions in concrete) and in medicine (to predict the toxicity of quartz dust of respirable size) (Altree- Williams & Clapp, 2002;Katayama et al., 1989).Individual provenance tools can be misleading, and multiple tools should always be integrated for conclusive provenance determinations (Garzanti, 2016;Garzanti et al., 2013). Several studies have focused on using QCI in tracing east Asian dust provenance. They traced the dust from their source areas including river sediments, dry lake sediments, and mountain loess (Isozaki et al., 2020;Sun et al., 2013) to their sink including desert sediments (Sun et al., 2007), hemipelagic sediments (Nagashima et al., 2007), paleosols (Sun et al., 2008), and dust (Yan et al., 2015). QCI, in combination with electron spin resonance (ESR) signal intensity, has effectively:1. Discriminated among nine major deserts in east Asia and provided signatures for them as source tracers to distinguish dust provenance in marine and terrestrial environments (Sun et al., 2007(Sun et al., , 2013) 2. Recognized a distinct quartz origin for different size fractions of hemipelagic sediments from the Japan Sea (Nagashima et al., 2007) and desert sediments (Sun et al., 2007)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quartz Crystallinity Index of Arabian Sands and Sandstones

Radwan

Humphrey

Al‐Ramadan

2021

Earth and Space Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is possible that nutrient fertilization from windblown sediment could have played a role in eutrophication as Si, Fe and P can all be supplied by wind. Silicon input would come from the dissolution of clays and potentially amorphous surface layers on aeolian quartz dust (Cecil, ; Cecil et al., ). Iron would have been supplied by clays and/or (oxyhydr)oxides (Jickells et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorites, glass ramps and carbonate factories: The evolution of an epicontinental sea and a late Palaeozoic upwelling system (Phosphoria Rock Complex)

Matheson

Frank

2020

Sedimentology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Permian Phosphoria Rock Complex of the western USA contains an enigmatic assemblage of bioelemental rocks (i.e. phosphorites and cherts) that accumulated in a depositional system with no modern analogue. This study utilizes detailed sedimentological, stratigraphic and petrographic examination to evaluate the genetic relations of phosphorites, spiculitic chert and carbonates of the Ervay cycle (depositional sequence) and propose a unified oceanographic model for their deposition. The Ervay cycle contains three marine and one terrestrial facies association, each of which composes the bulk of a single lithostratigraphic unit. The marine facies associations include: (i) granular phosphorites (Retort Member); (ii) spiculitic cherty dolostones (Tosi Member); and (iii) marine to peritidal carbonates (Ervay Member). Red beds and intercalated gypsum (Goose Egg Formation) accumulated in the vast desert adjacent to the sea. The three marine members are chronostratigraphically distinct, successive and conformably stacked. They are not coeval facies belts. They reflect the progressive evolution of the epicontinental sea from the location of: (i) authigenic phosphogenesis (lowstand to transgression); to (ii) a glass ramp with biosiliceous (sponge) deposition (transgression); to (iii) a carbonate ramp (regression). This succession of switching biochemical sediment factories records the evolution of sea‐level, nutrient supply, upwelling, oxygenation and dissolved Si. Intense upwelling, potentially coupled with aeolian input, led to sedimentary condensation and phosphogenesis. Decreased upwelling intensity during transgression increased oxygenation sufficiently for a siliceous sponge benthos. Sponges were favoured over biocalcifiers due to elevated dissolved silica and a low carbonate saturation state. The cessation of sponge dominance and transition to a carbonate ramp occurred due to decreasing upwelling intensity, Si drawdown and an increased carbonate saturation state. These results provide insight into the role of Si loading in faunal turnover on glass ramps and highlight how differences in dissolved Si utilizers in pre‐Cretaceous versus post‐Cretaceous upwelling systems influence the resultant deposits.

show abstract

“…As a general rule, silicification of wood occurs from alkaline conditions, where silica is dissolved from siliceous biogenic sediment, glass-rich volcanics, or feldspar-rich host materials. Airborne dust has been proposed as a source of silica for chert associated with Paleozoic carbonates [30,31]. This eolian deposition is assumed to have been related to the increasing aridity.…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Silicified Carboniferous Lycopsid Forest in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA

Viney

Hickey²,

Mustoe

2019

Geosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 1930 discovery of Carboniferous lycopsid fossils in south central Colorado resulted in the naming of a new species of scale tree, Lepidodendron johnsonii (=Lepidophloios johnsonii (Arnold) DiMichele). Cellular structures of L. johnsonii axes and periderm are preserved in silica—an unusual mode of fossil preservation for Pennsylvanian lycopsid plant remains. The early reports on the Trout Creek lycopsid fossils focused on taxonomic and paleobotanical aspects. Our 2019 reinvestigation of the locality produced many new specimens and a wealth of new data from a variety of analytical methods. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, determination of specific gravity, and Loss on Ignition provide details of mineralization. Cell walls are preserved with very small fine quartz particles, and cell lumina are filled with microcrystalline quartz. Some cell exteriors are encrusted with euhedral quartz crystals. These multiple forms of quartz are evidence that petrifaction involved several episodes of silicification. The dark color of the fossil wood and siliceous matrix appears to be caused by traces of dispersed carbon, but 500 °C Loss on Ignition reveals that the fossil wood preserves only very small amounts of the original organic matter.

show abstract

Paleoclimate and the Origin of Paleozoic Chert: Time to Re-Examine the Origins of Chert in the Rock Record

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Quartz Crystallinity Index of Arabian Sands and Sandstones

Quartz Crystallinity Index of Arabian Sands and Sandstones

Phosphorites, glass ramps and carbonate factories: The evolution of an epicontinental sea and a late Palaeozoic upwelling system (Phosphoria Rock Complex)

A Silicified Carboniferous Lycopsid Forest in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About