Paleocene–Eocene warming and biotic response in the epicontinental West Siberian Sea

Frieling, Joost; Iakovleva, Alina I.; Reichart, Gert‐Jan; Александрова, Г. Н.; Gnibidenko, Z.N.; Schouten, Stefan; Sluijs, Appy

doi:10.1130/g35724.1

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They indicate an early Eocene age. Wetzeliella astra has a first occurrence date of 54 Ma in Siberia (Frieling et al, ). As outlined above, Cerodinium wardenense has a first occurrence date of ca 57 Ma and a last occurrence date at ca 54.2 Ma (Williams et al, ).…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhuming the Top End of North America: Episodic Evolution of the Eurekan Belt and Its Potential Relationships to North Atlantic Plate Tectonics and Arctic Climate Change

et al. 2019

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Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhuming the Top End of North America: Episodic Evolution of the Eurekan Belt and Its Potential Relationships to North Atlantic Plate Tectonics and Arctic Climate Change

et al. 2019

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“…The proxy data set is largely based on the EoMIP compilation 5 , with the addition of two new TEX H 86 data sets 39,40 . We included all sites spanning 55-49 Myr ago, including data covering the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, but not the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.…”

Section: Calibration Of the Tex Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flat meridional temperature gradient in the early Eocene in the subsurface rather than surface ocean

2016

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The early Eocene (49-55 million years ago) is a time interval characterized by elevated surface temperatures and atmospheric CO 2 (refs 1,2), and a flatter-than-present latitudinal surface temperature gradient 3,4 . The multi-proxy-derived flat temperature gradient has been a challenge to reproduce in model simulations [5][6][7] 10 , invalidating the apparent, extremely warm polar sea surface temperatures. We conclude that there is a need to reinterpret TEX H 86 -inferred marine temperature records in the literature, especially for reconstructions of past warm climates that rely heavily on this proxy as reflecting subsurface ocean.The combination of global warming and high atmospheric CO 2 during the early Eocene renders this time interval a potential analogue for anthropogenic climate change. A long-standing, unresolved issue in simulating warmer-than-present climates is the failure of models in reproducing the flat Equator-to-pole surface temperature gradient often observed in proxy data 5,6 . The model-proxy match is improved in the terrestrial realm in high-CO 2 scenarios 6 or via tuning model parameters 7 , but the extreme surface oceanic warmth in polar regions inferred from TEX H 86 has been irreconcilable. Although this discrepancy was attributed to missing processes in climate models 8 , inconsistencies in proxy data also suggest deficiencies in proxy understanding 11,12 To investigate this hypothesis, we examine 22 pairs of U K 37 -and TEX H 86 -inferred temperature records (in total 5,528 samples) measured in tandem on sediment cores from sites spanning diverse oceanographic settings and timescales from thousands to millions of years ( Supplementary Figs 1 and 2). Temporal leads and lags between proxy record pairs are possible, as these proxies might reflect different water depths, where the timing of temperature changes differ 20 , and proxy-specific sedimentary processes 21 can create temporal offsets. This inhibits a direct comparison of the time series, as timing differences generally destroy coherency.Instead, power spectra of each of the paired U K 37 and TEX H 86 records are estimated and the mean power spectral estimate (PSD) for each proxy type is compared. Spectra averaged over multiple regions attenuate local effects, thereby facilitating inter-comparison between proxy types. This technique is insensitive to temporal offsets between the records 22 and allows fingerprinting the reasons for discrepancies between the proxies 23 . The power spectra of U K 37 and TEX H 86 show a very similar shape, with increased energy towards lower frequencies (Fig.

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“…Based on biostratigraphy, oolitic ironstones of the Bakchar deposit formed from the Cretaceous (Turonian) to the Eocene (Gnibidenko et al, 2015;Lebedeva et al, 2017;Podobina, 1998Podobina, , 2003Podobina, , 2015, and occur within marine sandstones, siltstones, and claystones. The ironstones of Western Siberia are confined to the coastal area of the ancient epicontinental West Siberian Sea (Figure 1a) (Frieling et al, 2014;Iakovleva, 2011) and are distributed along the southeastern Western Siberian plain (Belous et al, 1964). In the Late Paleogene and Eocene, the West Siberian Sea (or Obik Sea; Carney & Dick, 2000) was connected to the northeastern Peritethys via the Turgai Seaway and represented one of the main paleogeographic elements of Central Eurasia (Akhmetiev & Zaporozhets, 2014).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrimagnetic Iron Sulfide Formation and Methane Venting Across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in Shallow Marine Sediments, Ancient West Siberian Sea

Rudmin

Roberts

Horng

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Authigenesis of ferrimagnetic iron sulfide minerals (greigite and monoclinic pyrrhotite) occurred across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) within the Bakchar oolitic ironstone in southeastern Western Siberia. Co‐occurrence of these minerals is associated with diagenetic environments that support anaerobic oxidation of methane, which has been validated by methane fluid inclusion analysis in the studied sediments. In modern settings, such ferrimagnetic iron sulfide formation is linked to upward methane diffusion in the presence of minor dissolved sulfide ions. The PETM was the most extreme Cenozoic global warming event and massive methane mobilization has been proposed as a major contributor to the globally observed warming and carbon isotope excursion associated with the PETM. The studied sediments provide rare direct evidence for methane mobilization during the PETM. Magnetic iron sulfide formation associated with methanogenesis in the studied sediments can be explained by enhanced local carbon burial across the PETM. While there is no strong evidence to link local methane venting with more widespread methane mobilization and global warming, the magnetic, petrographic, and geochemical approach used here is applicable to identifying authigenic minerals that provide telltale signatures of methane mobility that can be used to assess methane formation and mobilization through the PETM and other hyperthermal climatic events.

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Paleocene–Eocene warming and biotic response in the epicontinental West Siberian Sea

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Exhuming the Top End of North America: Episodic Evolution of the Eurekan Belt and Its Potential Relationships to North Atlantic Plate Tectonics and Arctic Climate Change

Exhuming the Top End of North America: Episodic Evolution of the Eurekan Belt and Its Potential Relationships to North Atlantic Plate Tectonics and Arctic Climate Change

Flat meridional temperature gradient in the early Eocene in the subsurface rather than surface ocean

Ferrimagnetic Iron Sulfide Formation and Methane Venting Across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in Shallow Marine Sediments, Ancient West Siberian Sea

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