Paleocene-Eocene carbon isotope excursion in organic carbon and pedogenic carbonate: Direct comparison in a continental stratigraphic section

Magioncalda, Roberto; Dupuis, Christian; Smith, Thierry; Steurbaut, Étienne; Gingerich, Philip D.

doi:10.1130/g20476.1

Cited by 119 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…The type species Teilhardina belgica is known from Dormaal, just above the base of the fluviolagoonal Tienen Formation of Belgium (11). This base also lies within the negative shift of the ␦ 13 C excursion (18) and is estimated to be in an interval 4-10.5 Kyr after the P͞E boundary (14). The early Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming has yielded five temporally successive Teilhardina species (19), of which Teilhardina brandti is the oldest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early in the CIE interval, ␦ 13 C values decreased to a minimum and then gradually increased. The spike corresponding to the minimum value is situated 8.5-15 Kyr after the P͞E boundary (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. brandti, from the earliest Eocene (Wasatchian-0), was, until now, known from only one tooth (5), but several new specimens reported here reveal its phylogenetic importance. T. brandti and several other modern mammals (including artiodactyls and perissodactyls) first occur in a level that is situated above the minimum value of the ␦ 13 C excursion and that has an estimated age of 19-25 Kyr above the P͞E boundary (14,20,21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This CIE coincides with an episode of intense global warming lasting Ϸ100 thousand years (Kyr) (14,15), and the starting point of the excursion defines the P͞E boundary (16,17). It was during the PETM that euprimates, perissodactyls, and artiodactyls first appeared across the Holarctic continents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative age of fossils is based on recent high-resolution carbon isotope stratigraphy (11,12,14). Single most-parsimonious tree recovered in PAUP 4.0 b10 (34), derived from an equally weighted parsimony analysis of a matrix containing eight taxa and 17 dental characters (see Tables 3 and 5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Smith

Rose

Gingerich

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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255

156

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True primates appeared suddenly on all three northern continents during the 100,000-yr-duration Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at the beginning of the Eocene, Ϸ55.5 mya. The simultaneous or nearly simultaneous appearance of euprimates on northern continents has been difficult to understand because the source area, immediate ancestors, and dispersal routes were all unknown. Now, omomyid haplorhine Teilhardina is known on all three continents in association with the carbon isotope excursion marking the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Relative position within the carbon isotope excursion indicates that Asian Teilhardina asiatica is oldest, European Teilhardina belgica is younger, and North American Teilhardina brandti and Teilhardina americana are, successively, youngest. Analysis of morphological characteristics of all four species supports an Asian origin and a westward Asia-toEurope-to-North America dispersal for Teilhardina. High-resolution isotope stratigraphy indicates that this dispersal happened in an interval of Ϸ25,000 yr. Rapid geographic dispersal and morphological character evolution in Teilhardina reported here are consistent with rates observed in other contexts.carbon isotope excursion ͉ euprimates ͉ omomyids

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Smith

Rose

Gingerich

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

255

156

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Influence of provenance and preservation on the carbon isotope variations of dispersed organic matter in ancient floodplain sediments

Bataille

Mastalerz

Tipple

et al. 2013

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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Carbon isotope ratios of bulk organic matter in sedimentary rocks (δ13CDOM) are a potential source of paleoenvironmental information in terrestrial stratigraphic sequences. However, insufficient understanding of the range of depositional and post‐depositional controls on δ13CDOM values makes interpretations of these data difficult. Here we evaluate the effects of organic matter (OM) provenance and preservation on δ13CDOM using records spanning the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA) as a case study. We sampled sedimentary rocks spanning the PETM in two well‐studied locations—Polecat Bench (PB) and Highway 16 (HW16)—in the Bighorn Basin. Independent carbon isotope records from biomarkers and pedogenic carbonates at these sites suggest that local shifts in plant and soil δ13C values associated with the PETM CIE were broadly similar and were characterized by an abrupt ∼5‰ decrease followed by a plateau and a eventual return to pre‐PETM δ13C values. The δ13CDOM records from both sites differ significantly from these reference curves in both amplitude of change and in preserving high‐frequency isotopic fluctuations and large isotopic anomalies superimposed on the general pattern of isotopic change through the CIE. For each location, we separated organo‐mineral fractions (MOM), concentrated macerals from 20 stratigraphic levels and analyzed the carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of each fraction. At both sites the δ13C of the fine and coarse MOM differ significantly from each other and from δ13CDOM. Concentration‐weighted mixing of these isotopically distinct OM fractions explains high resolution δ13CDOM fluctuations but does not explain the large isotopic anomalies observed at both sites. At HW16, we identified two thermally and isotopically distinct populations of macerals interpreted as being indigenous and recycled OM. At this site, one over total organic carbon (1/TOC) values correlate with δ13CDOM for pre‐PETM and PETM strata and both relationships converge toward the δ13C of recycled OM for low TOC. At PB, macerals display homogeneous thermal maturity, but the proportion of isotopically distinct vitrinite and liptinite varies between facies. Relationships between 1/TOC and δ13CDOM are also present within specific stratigraphic intervals at PB, but values do not converge on a single isotopic value across the sampled interval. These observations are consistent with variable mixing of OM fractions having different provenance—mixing of exotic recycled OM at HW16 and locally reworked OM at PB with indigenous “fresh” OM at both sites—and explain the large anomalies observed in the δ13CDOM records at both sites. Our findings raise questions about the assumption that OM in ancient sediments is indigenous and dominantly records δ13C variations of local plants.

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Recovering the true size of an Eocene hyperthermal from the marine sedimentary record

Turner

Ridgwell

2013

Paleoceanography

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[1] Hyperthermals-episodes of abrupt global warming associated with the massive injection of carbon into the oceans and atmosphere-represent possible analogs for future climate change. However, uncertainties in their magnitude, rate, and duration arising as a result of mixing processes and changes in carbonate preservation as the sediment record is formed complicate their use in constraining climate sensitivity and the role of carbon cycle feedbacks. Here, we use cGENIE, an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, to assess likely magnitude and rate of carbon input, taking a small hyperthermal event from the early-middle Eocene, C22nH3 (~49.2 Ma) as a case study. We develop an iterative method combined with a sediment model simulating the formation and mixing of deep-sea sediments to converge on an estimate for the "true" magnitude of the carbon cycle perturbation in the atmosphere and ocean that drives the event. In inverting the À0.95‰ benthic δ 13 C excursion recorded at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1258, we obtain an estimate of at least À1.45‰ for the atmospheric CO 2 δ 13 C excursion that drove event C22nH3. We also assess controls on intersite variation of event shape in model sediments and find that sedimentation rate is the strongest determinant of modeled event size, with higher sedimentation rate sites recording the atmospheric signal more accurately. Our revised estimate for the size of C22nH3 implies a total carbon input almost two-thirds higher than would be deduced if the recorded δ 13 C excursion magnitude was taken at face value.Citation: Kirtland Turner, S., and A. , Recovering the true size of an Eocene hyperthermal from the marine sedimentary record, Paleoceanography, 28, 700-712,

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Paleocene-Eocene carbon isotope excursion in organic carbon and pedogenic carbonate: Direct comparison in a continental stratigraphic section

Cited by 119 publications

References 29 publications

Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Influence of provenance and preservation on the carbon isotope variations of dispersed organic matter in ancient floodplain sediments

Recovering the true size of an Eocene hyperthermal from the marine sedimentary record

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