Paleobiogeography of an Iberian endemic species,Luciobarbus sclateri(Günther, 1868) (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae), inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers

Abstract

Since the Cenozoic Era, the southern Iberian Peninsula has undergone a series of complex geological and climatic changes that have shaped the hydrographic configuration of the freshwater network, influencing the present‐day distribution of primary freshwater species and favoring a high level of local endemicity. The cyprinid species Luciobarbus sclateri (Günther, 1968) is an endemic species confined to the southern Iberian Peninsula and characterized by a complex evolutionary history. Previous studies linked the structure of L. sclateri populations to the effects of climate change during glaciations and were not able to explain the genetic discordance found between nuclear and mitochondrial markers. The results of this study show that the structure of L. sclateri populations is a reflection of diversification processes linked to the geological history of the region. Thus, we found three main mitochondrial phylogroups: the first one corresponding to small basins in southern Iberian Peninsula, a second one in eastern Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to Segura population, and a third one including the rest of the basins where the species is distributed. The southern group began diverging in the Pliocene as result of tectonic dynamics characterized by the emersion of the basins around the Strait of Gibraltar. The other two groups began diverging with the formation of the current Iberian hydrographic system during Pleistocene. So, the isolation of the hydrographic basins was the main factor driving intraspecific differentiation, followed by recent secondary contacts, admixture, and re‐isolation of the populations.

Phylogeography and species delineation of the genusPhoxinusRafinesque, 1820 (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

“…This is a classical model that has been proposed for other European freshwater fishes (Costedoat & Gilles, ; Šlechtová, Bohlen, Freyhof, Persat, & Delmastro, ; Vonlanthen et al, ). Within the Iberian Peninsula, these weather cycles have affected the population structure of several cypriniforms species such as Luciobarbus sclateri (Günther, 1868) or several species of Squalius (Casal‐López et al, ; Gante et al, ; Perea et al, ; Perea & Doadrio, ).…”

High diversity of fish ectoparasitic monogeneans (Dactylogyrus) in the Iberian Peninsula: a case of adaptive radiation?

“…The high number of morphologically similar species exhibiting a low molecular divergence (e.g. D. bocageii , D. mascomai , D. guadianensis , D. lenkoranoïdes and D. doadrioi ) suggests subsequent rapid speciation, most likely linked with the radiation of Luciobarbus across individual river basins within the Iberian Peninsula (Doadrio, 1988; Zardoya and Doadrio, 1998; Doadrio et al ., 2002; Mesquita et al ., 2007; Gante et al ., 2015; Casal-López et al ., 2017). Addition of Dactylogyrus species from Asian Capoeta (phylogenetically sister group to Iberian Luciobarbus ; Yang et al ., 2015) to phylogenetic reconstruction and assessing coevolutionary scenarios involving these parasites and their hosts may shed more light into the origin of the Dactylogyrus of Iberian Luciobarbus and finally resolve the phylogenetic relationships within this group of Dactylogyrus .…”

“…In contrast to the leuciscids, cyprinids are represented by just two genera: Barbus and Luciobarbus (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007; Gante, 2011; Gante et al ., 2015). The distribution of a given cyprinoid species is usually confined to a specific ichthyogeographic province and the ranges of different species rarely overlap (Doadrio, 1988; Gante et al ., 2015), suggesting that speciation is closely linked with the formation of river basins (Zardoya and Doadrio, 1998; Machordom and Doadrio, 2001; Doadrio et al ., 2002; Mesquita et al ., 2007; Casal-López et al ., 2017; Sousa-Santos et al ., 2019).…”

Diversity and structure of fragmented populations of a threatened endemic cyprinodontid (Aphanius sophiae) inferred from genetics and otolith morphology: Implications for conservation and management

“…Anthropogenic disturbances, such as dams, flow regulation, and pollution, increase habitat fragmentation and isolation, thus reducing genetic exchange and genetic diversity (Alcaraz, Carmona‐Catot, et al, ; Díez‐del‐Molino et al, ; Faulks et al, ). Consequently, understanding genetic diversity, population structure within and among populations, spatial distribution patterns, and the presence of dispersal barriers are critical to quantify the degree of genetic exchange and to identify isolated populations (Bonato et al, ; Casal‐López et al, ; Chung et al, ). This information is essential in designing effective habitat management and species conservation plans.…”

“…Consequently, understanding genetic diversity, population structure within and among populations, spatial distribution patterns, and the presence of dispersal barriers are critical to quantify the degree of genetic exchange and to identify isolated populations (Bonato et al, 2018;Casal-López et al, 2018;Chung et al, 2005). This information is essential in designing effective habitat management and species conservation plans.…”