Paleo‐Terrain Research: Finding the First Settlement Sites of Remote Oceania

Carson, Michael

doi:10.1002/gea.21457

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Change in sea level was more substantial during this period. It was, on average, 1.8m higher between 3000 and 1100 BC than today's level (Dickinson 2000), confirmed by elevations and direct radiocarbon-dating of fossil reefs specifically at Ritidian (Carson 2011, 2012a, 2014a & b). Slight horizontal tilting is evident from the displacement of stalagmites, stalactites and conjoined pillars by up to 0.5m from their original vertical formations.…”

Section: Ritidian Cavesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cultural spaces inside and outside caves: a study in Guam, western Micronesia

Carson¹

2017

Antiquity

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Section: Ritidian Cavesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cultural spaces inside and outside caves: a study in Guam, western Micronesia

Carson¹

2017

Antiquity

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“…A combination of deductive and inductive approaches ( Table 4 ) might improve the performance of the model. Usually, there is an approximation of the palaeo-surface with an deductive approach, which is subsequently supported by a dense dataset of archaeological or geoscientific ground-truth data [ 17 , 52 , 13 ]. Zwertvaegher et al [ 17 ] developed an integrative process model to challenge the complexity of landscape evolution by combining a deductive approach to obtain a purged base layer and an inductive approach for the predictive modelling of archaeological finds within the landscape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping pre-modern digital terrain models: The former topography at Charlemagne’s canal construction site

2018

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The use of remote sensing techniques to identify (geo)archaeological features is wide spread. For archaeological prospection and geomorphological mapping, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) on based LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) are mainly used to detect surface and subsurface features. LiDAR is a remote sensing tool that scans the surface with high spatial resolution and allows for the removal of vegetation cover with special data filters. Archaeological publications with LiDAR data in issues have been rising exponentially since the mid-2000s. The methodology of DTM analyses within geoarchaeological contexts is usually based on “bare-earth” LiDAR data, although the terrain is often significantly affected by human activities. However, “bare-earth” LiDAR data analyses are very restricted in the case of historic hydro-engineering such as irrigation systems, mills, or canals because modern roads, railway tracks, buildings, and earth lynchets influence surface water flows and may dissect the terrain. Consequently, a "natural" pre-modern DTM with high depth accuracy is required for palaeohydrological analyses. In this study, we present a GIS-based modelling approach to generate a pre-modern and topographically purged DTM. The case study focuses on the landscape around the Early Medieval Fossa Carolina, a canal constructed by Charlemagne and one of the major medieval engineering projects in Europe. Our aim is to reconstruct the pre-modern relief around the Fossa Carolina for a better understanding and interpretation of the alignment of the Carolingian canal. Our input data are LiDAR-derived DTMs and a comprehensive vector layer of anthropogenic structures that affect the modern relief. We interpolated the residual points with a spline algorithm and smoothed the result with a low pass filter. The purged DTM reflects the pre-modern shape of the landscape. To validate and ground-truth the model, we used the levels of recovered pre-modern soils and surfaces that have been buried by floodplain deposits, colluvial layers, or dam material of the Carolingian canal. We compared pre-modern soil and surface levels with the modelled pre-modern terrain levels and calculated the overall error. The modelled pre-modern surface fits with the levels of the buried soils and surfaces. Furthermore, the pre-modern DTM allows us to model the most favourable course of the canal with minimal earth volume to dig out. This modelled pathway corresponds significantly with the alignment of the Carolingian canal. Our method offers various new opportunities for geoarchaeological terrain analysis, for which an undisturbed high-precision pre-modern surface is crucial.

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“…Needless to say, human settlement in the Mariana Islands had commenced much earlier, around 1500 BCE according to current archaeological evidence (Athens et al 2004;Carson 2012Carson , 2014Hunter-Anderson and Butler 1995;Kurashina and Clyshulte 1983). Later changes in the archaeological record-around 800/900 CE-have been interpreted as the emergence of Latte period societies (Carson 2012;Hunter-Anderson 2011;Russell 1998).…”

Section: The Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Missions, and Maintenance Activities in the Early Modern Globalization: Guam 1668–98

Montón-Subías

2018

Int J Histor Archaeol

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This article proposes that early modern globalization took shape through the global circulation of gender ideologies, sexual politics, engendered technologies, and engendered knowledge. It does so by exploring the early years of Jesuit missions in Guam (Mariana Islands) and describes mission policies as engendered sexual policies that fostered the emergence of a new sex/gender system within indigenous Chamorro society. These policies targeted, among others, the sphere of maintenance activities. This concept highlights the foregrounding nature of a set of routine everyday practices that are essential to social continuity. Guam offers an interesting case study to discuss how gender transformations were performed and implemented on the ground, and what they entailed for those who experienced them.

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Paleo‐Terrain Research: Finding the First Settlement Sites of Remote Oceania

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Cultural spaces inside and outside caves: a study in Guam, western Micronesia

Cultural spaces inside and outside caves: a study in Guam, western Micronesia

Shaping pre-modern digital terrain models: The former topography at Charlemagne’s canal construction site

Gender, Missions, and Maintenance Activities in the Early Modern Globalization: Guam 1668–98

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