to identify the oil window in the source rocks, most of the uplifted areas in the basin are under favorable condition for oil generation and/or preservation, whereas the sags with thick sediments are favorable for gas generation and/ or preservation. We conclude that relatively low presentday geothermal regime and large burial depth of the source rocks in the Tarim Basin are favorable for hydrocarbon generation and preservation. In addition, it is found that the oil and gas fields discovered in the Tarim Basin are usually associated with relatively high-temperature anomalies, and the upward migration and accumulation of hot geofluids along faults as conduit from below could explain this coincidence. Accordingly, this thermal anomaly could be indicative of hydrocarbon exploration targets in the basin.