A milestone in the world of science, microscope has revolutionized the field of modern forensics. Over the years the field of microscopy has come a long way and has paved ways for newer techniques of evaluation of evidences from various scenarios like natural disasters, criminal cases, suicidal cases etc. which if done conventionally might be missed by naked eyes of the investigator. It plays an inevitable role in examination of soil, dust, fibres, hair or other trace material by forensic scientist, study of genome by forensic epidemiologist, analysis of DNA by a geneticists and evaluation of soil, water, any building component, bullets found at the crime scene. Here too, the microscopes are of great help in several domains like in comparison of dental structures, in age estimation that applies the histologic methods, examination of various evidences collected from the crime scene, etc. Conventional microscopic techniques involve transmitted-light, absorption microscopy which is appropriate for coloured objects of resolvable size, and instrumentally is the simplest form of microscopy.Colourless, transparent objects can be studied only by retardation techniques (polarization, phase-contrast, interference; these techniques depend upon conversion of phase retardation which leads to changes in intensity of light that can be seen by the eye. Hence these evolving techniques in microscopy add value and precision in evidence collection and evaluation.The present review article is prepared with an aim to compile and highlight the applications of several range of microscopes under forensic odontology perspective. This review article may be a used as a ready reference to apply the microscopic techniques in investigations dealing with dental exhibits.