Paläoanthropologie

Henke, Winfried; Rothe, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78650-1

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Because the features Purgatorius shares with later primates are so general, its classification as a primate has been questioned by several experts. Still, Fleagle (1988, p. 271) emphasizes: "this genus is a placental mammal that could easily have given rise to Martin 1986, Henke and Rothe 1994; numbers correspond to illustrations in Figure 6.6).…”

Section: Emergence Of Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of them can be falsified, but doubtless the more ancient forms lived in the marginal areas of the distribution zones, while the more evolved forms of the superfamily were in the core regions. The most parsimonious cladogram, which was calculated by on the basis of 240 craniodental and postcranial features, mirrors the most probable relationships of Miocene-Pliocene Hominoidea (also Martin 1990, Henke andRothe 1994). As can be seen in Figure 6.15, the recent chimpanzee (Pan) clusters with the fossil genus Australopithecus.…”

Section: Human Biological Evolution: a Current Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robust australopithecines were vegetarians with heavily specialized teeth (Henke and Rothe 1994, Walker 1981, Walker and Leakey 1978Figure 6.19).…”

Section: Morphological Patterns Phylogenetic Relationship and Paleomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within an integrative and broadly conceived approach, Figure 6.1 Disciplines that contribute to the reconstruction of the process of human evolution. Bold: subjects discussed in detail in this chapter (from Henke and Rothe 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is obvious from this short review that much remains to be done to establish methods that will lead us to objective, reliable, and valid reconstructions of our ancestry (Henke and Rothe 1994, Johanson and Edgar 1996, Martin 1990, Wiesemüller et al 2003.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human Biological Evolution

Henke¹

2005

Handbook of Evolution

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This chapter provides a comprehensive compilation of evidence, current ideas, and interpretation of human biological evolution. Paleoanthropological research aims to explain the process of hominization. The biological approach to understanding human evolution as a self-organizing process focuses on the structural and functional adaptations within the order Primates. During the past decades, significant advances in our biological research concepts allowed an increased understanding of the complexity of the origin of Homo sapiens from early primate ancestors. The issue is introduced by a short review of the main subjects involved in reconstruction of the straightforward evolutionary processes, which led to our uniqueness. Humans are primates, and thus it is the challenge of evolutionary research to explain their emergence exclusively through the mechanisms of natural selection. The main subjects of research being discussed are taxonomy, functional, constructional, and evolutionary morphology, taphonomy as well as paleoecology and paleogenetics.Within a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach, paleoanthropology tries to decipher the adaptive problems that have been important in human evolution. This chapter outlines biological human evolution from the emergence of primates to the origin of anatomically modern humans. The main discussions concentrate on evolutionary trends within nonhuman primates, the adaptive problems that the australopithecines faced living in tropical environments as large, ground-dwelling mammals, the evolution of habitual bipedality, the nutritional change from herbivory to carnivory, and the increase of neuronal complexity (encephalization) within the genus Homo.Finally, the taxonomical problems within our genus and the Eurasian dispersal of an early Homo are discussed on the basis of the actual fossil record. At present, the most debated paleoanthropological problem is the origin of modern humans. The competing models, the 'recent African origin model' and the 'multiregional model', are discussed thoroughly. A special section debates the image and fate of the Neanderthals, also taking recent aDNA results into consideration.

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Section: Emergence Of Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Biological Evolution: a Current Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robust australopithecines were vegetarians with heavily specialized teeth (Henke and Rothe 1994, Walker 1981, Walker and Leakey 1978Figure 6.19).…”

Section: Morphological Patterns Phylogenetic Relationship and Paleomentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Biological Evolution

Henke¹

2005

Handbook of Evolution

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Twenty-five thousand-year-old triple burial from Dolní Věstonice: An ice-age family?

Alt

Pichler

Vach

et al. 1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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In 1986 a paleolithic triple burial was discovered near Dolní Vĕstonice (Czech Republic). The occurrence of anatomic variants in all three skeletons gave rise to speculations that the buried individuals may have been closely related. To test this hypothesis the skeletons were submitted to a systematic kinship analysis based on odontologic and other non-metric traits. Statistical tests showed that the coincident occurrence of several rare traits in the individuals is highly unlikely to occur at random. This and further data included in the analysis therefore suggest that the three individuals buried together were genetically related and actually belonged to one family.

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