Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic growth and evolution of the eastern Congo Craton: Its role in the Rodinia puzzle

Waele, Bert De; Johnson, Simon P.; Pisarevsky, Sergei

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.020

Cited by 221 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Together, these form the Congo Craton, defined as the 'amalgamated central African landmass at the time of Gondwana assembly' (De Waele et al 2008). The Congo Craton (Fig.…”

Section: Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean Cratonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Congo Craton (Fig. 1) forms part of the West African Central Belt, which formed at 2.0-3.0 Ga and comprises orthogneiss, metasediments and granitoids of the Tanzania Craton, Gabon-Cameroon Shield, Bomu-Kibalian Shield, Kasai Shield and Angolan Shield (Cahen et al 1984;Walraven & Rumvegeri 1993;Goodwin 1996;Tchameni et al 2000;De Waele et al 2008).…”

Section: Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean Cratonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A detrital record of the Nile River and its catchment

Fielding

Najman

Millar

et al. 2016

JGS

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This research uses analyses from Nile catchment rivers, wadis, dunes and bedrocks to constrain the geological history of NE Africa and document influences on the composition of sediment reaching the Nile delta. Our data show evolution of the North African crust, highlighting phases in the development of the Arabian-Nubian Shield and amalgamation of Gondwana in Neoproterozoic times. The Saharan Metacraton and Congo Craton in Uganda have a common history of crustal growth, with new crust formation at 3.0 -3.5 Ga, and crustal melting at c. 2.7 Ga. The Hammamat Formation of the ArabianNubian Shield is locally derived and has a maximum depositional age of 635 Ma. By contrast, Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks are derived from more distant sources. The fine-grained (mud) bulk signature of the modern Nile is dominated by input from the Ethiopian Highlands, transported by the Blue Nile and Atbara rivers. Detrital zircons in the Nile trunk are predominantly derived from Phanerozoic cover rocks. Most detritus from the upstream White Nile is trapped in the Sudd marshes and contributes little to the Nile trunk. Therefore, the White Nile downstream is dominated by locally derived Phanerozoic cover. The White Nile proximal to the Gezira Fan is influenced by the fan's Blue Nile signature.

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“…Together, these form the Congo Craton, defined as the 'amalgamated central African landmass at the time of Gondwana assembly' (De Waele et al 2008). The Congo Craton (Fig.…”

Section: Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean Cratonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean Cratonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detrital record of the Nile River and its catchment

Fielding

Najman

Millar

et al. 2016

JGS

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“…The Congo Craton of central Africa forms the western margin of the southern East African Orogen, and its eastern edge comprises the Tanzania, Kasai and Bangweulu cratons and the Usagaran, Ubendian and Irumide belts (De Waele et al, 2008). The Tanzania Craton is dominated by 2.8-2.6 Ga granitoid and greenstone belts with some older components (De Waele et al, 2008;Kabete et al, 2012), and limited data from the Kasai Craton reveal 2.55 Ga granite and migmatite intruded by 2.05 Ga granite (Key et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cratonic Margins Of the East African Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tanzania Craton is dominated by 2.8-2.6 Ga granitoid and greenstone belts with some older components (De Waele et al, 2008;Kabete et al, 2012), and limited data from the Kasai Craton reveal 2.55 Ga granite and migmatite intruded by 2.05 Ga granite (Key et al, 2001). Paleoproterozoic domains include 1.87-1.86 Ga granite and volcanic rock of the Bangweulu Craton (De Waele and Fitzsimons, 2007) and 2.05-1.80 Ga magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the Usagaran and Ubendian belts (Ring et al, 1997;Sommer et al, 2005;Tulibonywa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cratonic Margins Of the East African Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan–African granulites of Madagascar and southern India: Gondwana assembly and parallels with modern Tibet

Fitzsimons

2016

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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Granulites of the southern East African Orogen formed by continental collision during Gondwana assembly. The highest metamorphic gradients of 25-50°C km −1 were attained at 0.58-0.53 Ga in a microcontinental block that was sandwiched between two collisional sutures and is now exposed in Madagascar and southern India. The 50 Myr duration of extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions and lack of coeval mantle magmatism suggest that metamorphism was driven by radiogenic heat accumulation beneath a long-lived orogenic plateau. Bounding sutures most likely record transfer of this microcontinent across the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Ocean, analogous to Gondwanan terranes that crossed Tethys before final India-Asia collision and, like Tibet, these sutures mark the edges of a plateau that formed following terminal ocean closure and collision. Both sutures record moderate metamorphic gradients of 15-25°C km −1 but with quite different ages. Metamorphism along the western suture at 0.65-0.61 Ga followed the end of magmatism in an adjacent 0.85-0.65 Ga ocean-arc terrane. It has an anti-clockwise P-T path that reflects preferential thickening of the hot arc during early stages of collision, and dates ocean closure at the western suture. Metamorphism along the eastern suture at 0.53-0.51 Ga has a clockwise P-T path and is widely assumed to date terminal collision in the East African Orogen. However, this event was coeval with rapid exhumation of granulites in the adjacent plateau and is more likely to reflect reactivation of a much older eastern suture during plateau collapse. Great care should be taken when using metamorphism to date ocean closure in ancient orogens. Rocks with hot metamorphic gradients give poor age constraints on initial collision because peak T is attained >50 Myr after ocean closure if radioactivity is a major part of the heat budget. Suture zone rocks with moderate metamorphic gradients can provide more reliable estimates for the time of ocean closure but are also prone to later reactivation in orogens with protracted histories.

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“…7) points to derivation of grains from rocks originating in the northern Gondwana Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogen (750 and 550 Ma; Murphy et al 2000;Hirdes and Davis 2002;Nance et al 2002;Linnemann et al 2004;Gerdes and Zeh 2006;De Waele et al 2008;Figs. 7, 8).…”

Section: U-pb Zircon Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%