Palaeo-modeling of coastal salt water intrusion during the Holocene: an application to the Netherlands

Delsman, Joost; Hu-a-ng, K. R. M.; Vos, P.C.; Louw, P. G. B. de; Essink, Gualbert Oude; Stuyfzand, Pieter J.; Bierkens, Marc F. P.

doi:10.5194/hessd-10-13707-2013

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Delsman et al . [] notes that coastal groundwater reserves are rarely in equilibrium with current boundary conditions, which greatly complicates modeling the distribution of water salinities. The current groundwater condition of coastal aquifer systems must be explored in light of the historical development of groundwater salinity in combination with present day hydrological processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varying sediment supply rates, tectonic activity, river avulsions, basin subsidence, eustatic sea level change, and anthropogenic alterations have all influenced aquifer construction and groundwater chemistry. Delsman et al [2013] notes that coastal groundwater reserves are rarely in equilibrium with current boundary conditions, which greatly complicates modeling the distribution of water salinities. The current groundwater condition of coastal aquifer systems must be explored in light of the historical development of groundwater salinity in combination with present day hydrological processes.…”

Section: 1002/2014wr016262mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, the brackish groundwater in the coastal regions of Bangladesh was thought to originate from modern seawater through tidal channel mixing, flood inundation, and densitydriven seawater intrusion, and these hypotheses are frequently cited as the source of shallow and deep groundwater salinity [Alam, 1996;Khan et al, 2011;MPO, 1987;Bahar and Reza, 2010;Zahid et al, 2008;Hoque et al, 2003a;Nobi and DasGupta, 1997]. Although density-driven seawater intrusion may explain deep aquifer salinity, it is an unlikely explanation for the shallow aquifers [Delsman et al, 2013;Michael et al, 2013]. We also argue that the occasional input of modern seawater from flooding and potential tidal channel mixing cannot satisfactorily explain the widespread shallow groundwater salinity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesize that the shallow brackish water is paleo-seawater deposited since the early Holocene. During the construction of the tide-influenced-lower deltaplain, saline pore waters were codeposited along with the sediments that form the shallow aquifer [Delsman et al, 2013;Hoque et al, 2003a;Goodbred and Kuehl, 2000].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Source, transport, and evolution of saline groundwater in a shallow Holocene aquifer on the tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh

Worland

Hornberger

Goodbred

2015

Water Resources Research

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Deltaic groundwater resources are often vulnerable to degradation from seawater intrusion or through interaction with saline paleowaters. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River delta, in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, is a particularly vulnerable area with an estimated 20 million coastal inhabitants directly affected by saline drinking water. The shallow groundwater of the coastal regions is primarily brackish with pockets of fresher water. A small-scale hydrologic investigation of groundwater salinity beneath an embanked tidal channel island was undertaken to explore possible hydrogeological explanations of the distribution of water salinities in the shallow aquifer. This study employs a combination of 3 H and 14 C dating, electromagnetic subsurface mapping, and a 2-D solute transport model. The authors conclude that the shallow groundwater salinity can best be explained by the slow infiltration of meteoric water into paleobrackish estuarine water that was deposited during the early-mid Holocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1002/2014wr016262mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Source, transport, and evolution of saline groundwater in a shallow Holocene aquifer on the tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh

Worland

Hornberger

Goodbred

2015

Water Resources Research

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“…Recent studies dealing with the latter set the landward boundary less than 200km from the coastline even in deltaic areas (Delsman et al 2013;Larsen et al 2017;Nofal et al 2016). Similarly, previous studies showed that submarine groundwater discharge can occur more than 100km offshore (Kooi & Groen 2001;Post et al 2013).…”

Section: Sediment Thickness Estimation 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the thickness of unconsolidated coastal aquifers along the global coastline

Zamrsky¹,

Essink²,

Bierkens³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Knowledge of the thickness of aquifers is crucial for setting up numerical groundwater flow models in support of the management and control of groundwater resources. Fresh groundwater reserves in coastal aquifers are particularly under threat of salinization and depletion as a result of climate change, sea-level rise, and excessive groundwater withdrawal under urbanization. To correctly assess the possible impacts of these pressures we must have better information about subsurface 10 conditions in coastal zones. Here, we propose a method that combines available global datasets to estimate, along the global coastline, the thickness of aquifers formed by unconsolidated sediments. To validate our final estimation results, we collected both borehole and literature data. Additionally, we performed a numerical modelling study of the effects of varying aquifer thickness and geological complexity on simulated saltwater intrusion. The results show that our aquifer thickness estimates can indeed be used for regional scale groundwater flow modelling but that for local assessments additional 15

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Sensitivity of Subsurface Permeability in Coastal Deltas to Their Morphodynamic and Geomorphic Characteristics

Anderson,

Allen,

Venditti

2023

Water Resources Research

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The amount of fresh water moving through coastal deltas worldwide is controlled by the complex subsurface structures within a delta. Morphodynamic influences produced by the feeding river, waves, and tides, in addition to sea level transgressions and regressions, have resulted in deltaic aquifers that are highly heterogeneous. We use 171 unique two‐dimensional morphodynamic models to explore the range of subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and groundwater flux within three end‐member delta types (fluvial, wave, and tidal). We quantify the connectiveness of the subsurface permeability and estimate the horizontal heterogeneity and anisotropy of the permeability. A distance‐based generalized sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the impact morphodynamic influences (fluvial, wave, and tidal), basin conditions (sediment concentration and bathymetric gradient), and geomorphic characteristics (number of channels, shape of the delta plain, and shoreline rugosity) have on the subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and connectivity. We find that the median permeability in deltaic landforms is 4.0 × 10−12 m2 (relating to a hydraulic conductivity of 2.1 × 10−5 m/s), the average hydraulic gradient is 3.9 × 10−4, and the mean specific discharge is 1.3 × 10−8 m/s. High permeability bodies are highly connected and are associated with channelization. Subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and the connectiveness of high permeability areas are sensitive to morphodynamic influences (fluvial, wave, and tidal) and the geomorphic characteristics (number of channels and shoreline rugosity) within a delta. Since morphodynamic influences and geomorphic characteristics are easily identified by looking at the surface of the delta, we suggest that the deltaic subsurface can be characterized by identifying features on the delta surface.

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Palaeo-modeling of coastal salt water intrusion during the Holocene: an application to the Netherlands

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Source, transport, and evolution of saline groundwater in a shallow Holocene aquifer on the tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh

Source, transport, and evolution of saline groundwater in a shallow Holocene aquifer on the tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh

Estimating the thickness of unconsolidated coastal aquifers along the global coastline

Sensitivity of Subsurface Permeability in Coastal Deltas to Their Morphodynamic and Geomorphic Characteristics

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