Palaeo-dust records: A window to understanding past environments

Marx, Samuel K.; Kamber, Balz S.; McGowan, Hamish A.; Petherick, Lynda; McTainsh, Grant Harvey; Stromsoe, Nicola; Hooper, James; May, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.03.001

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(463 reference statements)

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“…The mineral hosts can be inferred from elemental relationships, such as from comparing ratios of light, medium and heavy Rare Earth Elements (REEs) (Kylander et al 2016). Shifts in the mineral composition of paleodust can be indicative of source areas changes, information that can be used to deduce changes in paleo wind and/or transport processes (Marx et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedure for Organic Matter Removal from Peat Samples for XRD Mineral Analysis

et al. 2018

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Ombrotrophic peatlands are recognized archives of past atmospheric mineral dust deposition. Net dust deposition rates, grain size, mineral hosts and source areas are typically inferred from down-core elemental data. Although elemental analysis can be time efficient and data rich, there are some inherent limitations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis allows direct identification of mineral phases in environmental samples but few studies have applied this method to peat samples and a well-developed protocol for extracting the inorganic fraction of highly organic samples (>95%) is lacking. We tested and compared different levels of pretreatment: no pre-treatment, thermal combustion (300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and 550°C) and chemical oxidation (H 2 O 2 and Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) using a homogenised highly organic (>98%) composite peat sample. Subsequently, minerals were identified by XRD. The results show that combustion is preferred to chemical oxidation because it most efficiently removes organic matter (OM), an important pre-requisite for identifying mineral phases by XRD analysis. Thermally induced phase transitions can be anticipated when temperature is the only factor to take into consideration. Based on the data required in this study the recommended combustion temperature is 500°C which efficiently removes OM while preserving a majority of common dust minerals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedure for Organic Matter Removal from Peat Samples for XRD Mineral Analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Understanding dust emission, transport, and deposition requires the study of both past and present climatic variations. Advances in remote sensing and modeling have improved understanding of the dust cycle, while improvements in paleo-sciences allow for the reconstruction of both dust record emissions through time and source region fingerprinting (Marx et al, 2018). African dust emissions and transports exhibit variability on diurnal to decadal timescales under different atmospheric patterns (Evan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the scale of glacial to interglacial climates, dust deposition recorded in marine and continental sediments in middle to high latitudes indicates that dust fluxes have changed greatly over such transitions (Maher et al, 2010). However, except for the African Humid Period (AHP) (deMenocal et al, 2000;Ehrmann et al, 2017;McGee et al, 2013), the influence of the Holocene centennial climate variability on the past dust cycle remains poorly quantified (Cockerton et al, 2014;Mulitza et al, 2010), but it can be a key element of the forcing of climatic variations and therefore deserves to be integrated in transient climate simulations of the Holocene (Albani et al, 2015). For instance, the neglect of atmospheric dust reduction in the early to mid-Holocene in climate models could partly explain the model-data temperature discrepancy in the Northern Hemisphere (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past African dust inputs in the western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and total solar irradiance

et al. 2020

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North Africa is the largest source of mineral dust on Earth, which has multiple impacts on the climate system; however, our understanding of decadal to centennial changes in African dust emissions over the last few millenniums is limited. Here, we present a high-resolution multiproxy analysis of sediment core from high-elevation Lake Bastani, on the island of Corsica, to reconstruct past African dust inputs to the western Mediterranean area over the last 3150 cal BP. Clay mineralogy with palygorskite and a clay ratio associated with geochemical data allow us to determine that terrigenous fluxes are almost exclusively related to atmospheric dust deposition from the western Sahara and Sahel areas over this period. High-resolution geochemical contents provide a reliable proxy for Saharan dust inputs with long-term (millennial) to short-term (centennial) variations. Millennial variations have been correlated with the long-term southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), with an increase in dust input since 1070 cal BP. This correlation suggests a strong link with the ITCZ and could reflect the increased availability of dust sources to be mobilized with an increase in wind and a decrease in precipitation over western and North Africa. For centennial to decadal variations, wavelet analyses show that since 1070 cal BP, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been the main climatic forcing, with an increase in Saharan dust input during the positive phase, as suggested by previous studies over the last decades. However, when the ITCZ is in a northern position, before 1070 cal BP, wavelet analyses indicate that total solar irradiance (TSI) is the main forcing factor, with an increase in African dust input during low TSI. With climate reanalysis over the instrumental era, during low TSI we observe a significant negative anomaly in pressure over Africa, which is known to increase the dust transport. These two climatic forcing factors (NAO, TSI) modulate Saharan dust inputs to the Mediterranean area at a centennial timescale through changes in wind and transport pathways.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…The comprehension of the dynamics governing the dust cycle on large temporal and spatial scales owes much to paleoclimatic archives (Martìnez-Garcia et al, 2011;Rea, 1994) and to polar ice cores. The links between dust and climate are complex, but the general picture, thanks to these records, is relatively well known (Albani et al, 2015;Maher et al, 2010;Marx et al, 2018). The links between dust and climate are complex, but the general picture, thanks to these records, is relatively well known (Albani et al, 2015;Maher et al, 2010;Marx et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter allowed obtaining the most accurate records of the dust cycle during the Holocene and the Pleistocene (Kawamura et al, 2017;Lambert et al, 2008). The links between dust and climate are complex, but the general picture, thanks to these records, is relatively well known (Albani et al, 2015;Maher et al, 2010;Marx et al, 2018). A key point revealed by ice cores is the correlation between dust concentration in ice and climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regionalization of the Atmospheric Dust Cycle on the Periphery of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet Since the Last Glacial Maximum

Baccolo

Delmonte

Albani

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Ice cores from inner East Antarctica provided some of the longest and most detailed climatic reconstructions and allowed understanding the relationships between atmospheric mineral dust and climate. In this work we present synchrotron radiation X‐ray Fluorescence geochemical data of dust from the TALDICE ice core drilled at Talos Dome, a peripheral ice dome of East Antarctica (Western Ross Sea). Results highlight a dominant southern South American origin for dust at TALDICE during the Last Glacial Maximum, similarly to other sites located further inland onto the polar plateau. On the contrary, a different scenario concerns Talos Dome during the Holocene if it is compared to more inner sites. The tight connection between high southern latitudes and Antarctica that characterizes cold climate stages becomes weaker since the onset of the last climatic transition and throughout the Holocene. The net effect of this process at Talos Dome is a modification of the atmospheric and environmental settings, owing to local Antarctic sources of Victoria Land to gain importance and become the dominant ones. At the same time in inner East Antarctica the provenance of dust remains remote also during Holocene, revealing an evolution of the homogeneous scenario observed in glacial periods. The enhanced sensitivity of peripheral ice sheet sites to local dust sources makes Talos Dome an ideal site to assess the climatic and atmospheric changes of the peripheral sectors of East Antarctica during the current interglacial period.

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Palaeo-dust records: A window to understanding past environments

Cited by 59 publications

References 256 publications

Procedure for Organic Matter Removal from Peat Samples for XRD Mineral Analysis

Procedure for Organic Matter Removal from Peat Samples for XRD Mineral Analysis

Past African dust inputs in the western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and total solar irradiance

Regionalization of the Atmospheric Dust Cycle on the Periphery of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet Since the Last Glacial Maximum

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