Pakistani bentonite in mortars and concrete as low cost construction material

On blended cement and geopolymer concretes containing palm oil fuel ash

“…Later, Awal and Shehu [24] recorded the temperature rise in large volume POFA (up to 70%) and found that replacing cement by a greater amount of POFA is beneficial, particularly for mass concrete in which thermal cracking is a matter of concern because of excessive heat. Mirza et al [52] and Naseer et al [53] reported that when OPC is mixed with water, it forms a hydrated binding cement paste (hcp) of C-S-H, and it liberates calcium hydroxide (CH). This reaction is generally quite rapid.…”

“…They stated that concrete incorporated with 20 and 40% FP showed lower values of permeability compared to the OPC control concrete at the age of 28 d. The water permeability of the mixes containing FP at 90 d was even lower than that at 28 d. At both ages, the w/b ratios of the concrete mixes with FP were higher than that of the control mix. This could be a result of the secondary reaction between OPC and FP, thus forming additional gel at the later age [52,53].…”

Bentonite as a natural additive for lime and lime–metakaolin mortars used for restoration of adobe buildings

“…Moreover scientific attention is being focused also on utilization of natural clays and clay minerals due to their unique physico-chemical properties and/or optimal morphological structure as lime binder replacement. For instance sepiolite [17][18][19][20], palygorskite [21], zeolite [22,23], vermiculite [24] and bentonite [25][26][27] have been added to mortars and cements to improve their characteristics.…”

“…As coastal parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in which Portugal is included, are typical for harsh winds [38][39][40] combined in the summer by lack of humidity, mortar mixtures based on lime and/or metakaolin and bentonite were prepared. The main reason of choosing bentonite as an additive is that it is a natural pozzolan [26,27], economically friendly, has a high adsorption capacity with ability to retain water, hence able to support pozzolanic activity of metakaolin in case of low humidity conditions.…”

Use of Bentonite and Organobentonite as Alternatives of Partial Substitution of Cement in Concrete Manufacturing

“…The chemistry of intercalation is a research area that has been widely investigated and plays a very important part in applications in many academic and technological fields, such as those related to ion-exchange reactions and supports for catalytic methods (Meunier 2005;Bulut et al 2009;Mirza et al 2009;Ahmad et al 2011). The insertion process of organic neutral polar molecules into the nanospace void of sheets of layered insoluble nanocompounds leads to wellorganized inorganic/organic structural layer materials with high crystallinity and porosity (Guerra et al 2006(Guerra et al , 2009(Guerra et al , 2011Diaz et al 2007;Lazarin and Airoldi 2009).…”