Pakistan-India Conflict and the Right of Self-Determination of Kashmir

Abstract

The dispute in Jammu and Kashmir has been tensed by the revocation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution by the Indian government in the end of 2019. The existence of Kashmir has become one of matters as the main focus between India-Pakistan conflicts. People are under diverse senses of de facto and de jure martial law. Estimated from 1990, thereabouts 70,000 people have been killed, 8,000 people have been subjected to enforced disappearances, thousand of them also victims of repressive laws and Indian security forces humiliate the protestors and detainees frequently. The research is normative legal research by using statute approach and case approach through literature review. The research aims to discuss and analyze the implementation of the rights of self-determination pursuant to Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. The results of the study indicate all the disputes should be ended by giving the right to self-determination, which should be given to the people of Kashmir, thus the disputes between the two countries can be resolved properly and making a clarity of Kashmir status.

Soil Infiltration Mapping in the Eastern Part of Mijen Sub-District, Semarang City, Indonesia

“…After the final score is obtained, then the overlay process is carried out using ArcGIS software. The values that have been obtained from the overlay process can then be grouped into six classes of water infiltration conditions [4] using the interval class formula from [13] shown in equation (3), where the variable "I" is the class interval value, variable "c" is the highest value, "b" is the lowest value, and "k" is the number of class intervals.…”

“…The parameters used in this study are soil type, land use, slope, and lithology. The criticality level of the water infiltration area is then grouped into 6 conditions, namely good, naturally normal, started to be critical, slightly critical, critical, and very critical [4] and then a map of the criticality level of water infiltration areas with a scale of 1:50.000 is produced.…”

Mediating Enduring Rivalry: Prospects For Indonesian Mediation Initiatives In The India-Pakistan Kashmir Dispute

“…Indonesia's commitment as a mediator in conflict resolution is also evident in the North Natuna Sea Conflict, through trust-building among ASEAN countries and China (Laksmi et al, 2022). Indonesia has the potential to act as a mediator in the Jammu-Kashmir conflict, not only considering Indonesia's experience as a mediator in several conflicts but also its cultural and historical ties with India and Pakistan (Gunawan, 2021). Moreover, Indonesia possesses economic leverage that could be a significant asset in its role as a mediator for both countries (Khairunnisa, 2021).…”