Paired Analysis of D-Dimer and Its Correlated Hemostatic Parameters in 30 Dogs with Neoplasms after Tumorectomy

Abstract

Previous studies have reported that dogs with neoplasms had elevated D-dimer levels. However, few studies have addressed whether D-dimer could be an indicator of tumor burden. The clinical significance of paired analysis of pre- and post-operation of D-dimer levels in dogs has rarely been described. The present study investigated the values of D-dimer levels and their correlated hemostatic alterations in dogs with surgically removable benign and malignant tumors. This study analyzed 30 clinically healthy and 30 tumor-bearing dogs and evaluated the hemostatic functions including D-dimer, thromboelastography G (TEG G), fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time, and platelet count. The median level of pre-treatment D-dimer was 0.8 µg/mL (range: 0.1–6.3 µg/mL), whereas the control dogs exhibited a median value of 0.1 µg/mL (range: 0.1–0.1 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). After tumorectomy, the median levels of D-dimer (p < 0.0001), fibrinogen (p < 0.0001), TEG G value (p < 0.01), and aPTT (p < 0.05) were significantly lower than those of the pre-treatment samples. However, further studies are needed to clarify the values of other hemostatic evaluations. The study revealed the clinical significance of D-dimer and its correlated hemostatic parameters by paired analysis in dogs with tumors. Though more cases are needed for solid confirmation, these values could be potential tumor biomarkers for dogs.

An Evaluation of Hemostatic Dysregulation in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma

“…The main pathophysiological mechanisms of DIC that develop are a consequence of crosstalk between the coagulation and inflammatory host-defense systems and secondary imbalances in pro-and anticoagulant factors. Dogs with tumors usually exhibited elevated levels of D-dimers [55,56]. As reported in our study, no statistically significant variations in D-dimer concentration were found between dogs with lymphoma and control dogs, nor between the various stages of the neoplastic disease, although the values tend to increase with the stage of the disease.…”

Increased plasma DR‐70 (fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products) concentrations as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with neoplasms

“…One study reported abnormal coagulation parameters in dogs with tumors, such as hyperfibrinogenemia 36 . Dogs with tumors often present with abnormal hemostatic parameters, including increased fibrinogen concentrations 37 . However, these previous studies focused on reporting abnormal coagulation tests or hemostatic alterations in dogs with neoplastic diseases, and the clinical relevance and utility of DR‐70 concentrations were rarely described.…”

“…36 Dogs with tumors often present with abnormal hemostatic parameters, including increased fibrinogen concentrations. 37 However, these previous studies focused on reporting ). We used the WHO grading system to grade these samples.…”

Effects of Anticoagulants on Blood Cells Morphology and Biochemistry

“…It is reported that the d-dimer concentration wasn't affected by lithium heparin and sodium citrate (Wauthier et al, 2023). When a comparison was made for d-dimer concentration in dog blood collected in EDTA and sodium citrate, the concentration of d-dimer was observed to be elevated (Ke et al, 2023).…”

“…When HbA1c value remains stable when measured from blood collected with sodium heparin, lithium heparin, EDTA, sodium citrate, and sodium fluoride, these anticoagulants do not affect HbA1c value. This is because the RBCs are lysed before the test is conducted (Ke et al, 2023;Kiefer et al, 2018;Wauthier et al, 2023).…”