Painting and Direct Writing of Silver Nanostructures on Phosphate Glass with Electron Beam Irradiation

Abstract

Surfaces with silver nanostructures are useful, due to their potential to resonate strongly with visible light. This report demonstrates a process for the directed extraction of silver at the surface of a transparent superionic conductor. A focused electron beam incident on superionic AgIAgPO3 glass results in localized negative charge deposition, which is neutralized by the electrochemical reduction of free silver ions. This process was characterized for beam energies ranging from 1 to 12 kV and primary beam fluence ranging from 50 pC μm−2 to 35 nC μm−2. For electron fluence less than 2.5 nC μm−2 the process produces vibrant coloration of the glass which can be tuned throughout the entire visible spectrum. Fluence greater than 2.5 nC μm−2 results in the controlled writing of bulk silver on the surface, with a minimum line width as small as 400 nm and narrow gaps as small as 50 nm. The high ionic conductivity of the substrate is shown to be a vital component to the process, allowing the wide range of colors to be produced along with the controlled, nondendritic growth of silver structures.

Regulating Droplet Impact and Wetting Behaviors on Hydrophobic Weed Leaves by a Double-Chain Cationic Surfactant

“…The time in the window ranges from 5 ms to 100 s. Each sample was tested at least two times. 1 H NMR and 2D diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (2D DOSY) were performed using a JEOL JNM-ECA 600 apparatus in D 2 O at 25 °C. Morphologies of C. album leaves were characterized by an Infinite Focus G5 (Alicona Ltd., Germany) and a Hitachi SU-3500 scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi, Ltd., Japan).…”

“…Droplet impact and wetting on solid surfaces are common phenomena in many fields like paints, inkjet printing, cosmetics, medicines, agrochemicals, etc. In particular, they have attracted more attention in agricultural production in the past decades as agrochemicals need to be sprayed for protecting crops from pests, weeds, and pathogens. − Due to the extremely low-energy chemical composition and complex hydrophobic micro/nanostructures of plant leaf surfaces, undesirable droplet splashing, rebounding, and sliding frequently occur in the spraying process. , Such inadequate contact of droplets on plant leaves not only reduces the utilization of agrochemicals but also causes severe environmental pollution .…”

“…Droplet impact and wetting on solid surfaces are common phenomena in many fields like paints, 1 inkjet printing, 2 cosmetics, 3 medicines, 4 agrochemicals, 5 etc. In particular, they have attracted more attention in agricultural production in the past decades as agrochemicals need to be sprayed for protecting crops from pests, weeds, and pathogens.…”

“…21 Song and coworkers reported that a vesicular surfactant (bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, AOT) could inhibit droplet splashing on a superhydrophobic Brassica oleracea L. leaf surface as the vesicular assemblies can rapidly diffuse to the liquid−solid interface. 22 However, some major issues still remain: (1) previously reported surfactants that inhibit droplet retraction usually require higher concentrations, which are not suitable for practical applications; (2) current studies mainly focus on anionic and nonionic surfactants, 16−22 whereas studies on cationic surfactants that can adhere to plant leaves more easily by electrostatic interaction and can be widely used in agrochemicals have rarely been reported; 17,21,23 and (3) most studies pay attention to the impact process, whereas the subsequent wetting process that determines the final state of a droplet has not been studied. Therefore, the search for suitable cationic surfactants that can regulate droplet impact and wetting on hydrophobic surfaces at low concentrations is of great significance.…”

Optical and electrical characterizations of multifunctional silver phosphate glass and polymer-based optical fibers

“…Glasses containing silver iodide (AgI) are well studied materials. They have been investigated for their ionic conductivity282930, their structure31323334 and as electrochemically active materials3536. The most well-known conductive glasses containing AgI are based on the AgI-AgPO 3 system.…”