Painful Gynecomastia

Żylicz, Zbigniew; Mudde, Aart N.

doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(00)00165-2

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…PBT present in only half ND Testosterone levels documented to be low in 4 subjects. Population Allen et al [ 113 ] 259 13 of 15 unilateral Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) ND Population Garcia-Beneyas et al [ 52 ] 1400 33 (31 unilateral, later developed bilateral) Mastodynia ND ND not determined, PBT palpable breast tissue Rechallenge not done in any …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gynecomastia and drugs: a critical evaluation of the literature

Nuttall

Warrier

Gannon

2015

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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PurposeA large number of medications have been implicated in the genesis of gynecomastia. However, gynecomastia is common in men, asymptomatic, increases with age, and is considered to be due to an increased estradiol/testosterone ratio. This complicates the interpretation of medication-related gynecomastia. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature in order to assess the data relating gynecomastia onset with utilization of specific medications.MethodsThe literature was searched in PubMed and the Ovid/Medline databases from the 1946 to January 2015 with the search terminology of “gynecomastia, drugs/medications.” A few other articles were found and included.ResultsOne hundred ten publications were reviewed. Sixty-three were single case reports. There were 24 population-based studies of which 8 were HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral agents. Among the case reports, 49 were for individual medications, and 2 were reports of antineoplastic or antiretroviral drug regimens. In the great majority, mastodynia with or without breast enlargement was present and referred to as gynecomastia. Generally, hormonal profiles could not explain the breast enlargement. The pain/tenderness and breast enlargement resolved spontaneously over time.ConclusionMany different medications have been associated with the presence of “gynecomastia.” Generally, it presents as a syndrome characterized by a single painful/tender breast (mastodynia) associated with breast enlargement and is transient. We suggest that these cases be referred to as an acute gynecomastia syndrome. This syndrome also occurs independent of medication use. Thus, in an individual patient, whether it is medication induced often remains uncertain. The pathogenesis remains unknown.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of interest, in reference [ 52 ], spontaneous resolution occurred in 20 of 21 patients monitored for more than 1 year in spite of continuing the HAART regimen. Also, two cases have been reported in HIV-infected men that were not attributed to medications [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia and drugs: a critical evaluation of the literature

Nuttall

Warrier

Gannon

2015

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…Further supporting a role for serotonin in itch, the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI), paroxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine have been reported to exert some benefit in the treatment of the itch associated with cholestasis, atopic dermatitis and lymphoma (20)(21)(22). Similarly, mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, decreased itch intensity in an uncontrolled case series (23,24).…”

Section: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are itch and scratching the nausea and vomiting of skin?

Ostadhadi

Azimi

Lerner

et al. 2016

Experimental Dermatology

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The physiologic similarities between itch and nausea may not be evident initially, but they share the role of repelling irritants and toxins from the body by inducting scratching and vomiting, respectively. In addition, itch and nausea frequently occur together in certain conditions such as uraemia. Here we show that the mechanisms underlying itch and nausea overlap and that advances in either field may influence the identification of novel drug targets, particularly for itch.

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Drug‐Induced Gynecomastia

2012

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Drugs account for about 20% of gynecomastia cases in men. As a number of factors can alter the estrogen:androgen ratio, several pathophysiologic mechanisms are associated with drugs causing this disorder. Antiandrogens, protease inhibitors, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are the most common drug causes of gynecomastia, whereas first-generation antipsychotics, spironolactone, verapamil, and cimetidine are less common causes. Other drugs have been reported rarely as causes. Treatment may involve switching to an alternative agent or may require surgery or irradiation if the causative agent cannot be discontinued. We reviewed the literature on drug-induced gynecomastia and provided another perspective by reviewing data from the United States Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System. Epidemiologic studies are needed to provide a more accurate description of the frequency of drug-induced gynecomastia.

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Painful Gynecomastia

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Gynecomastia and drugs: a critical evaluation of the literature

Gynecomastia and drugs: a critical evaluation of the literature

Are itch and scratching the nausea and vomiting of skin?

Drug‐Induced Gynecomastia

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