Pain

Lorenz, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0651-2.10014-1

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is assumed that bunny hopping is the result of a inability of interneuronal communication to coordinate the gait 16. In dogs, cattle and pigs, bunny hopping is associated with spinal dysraphism or myelodysplasia, mostly affecting the thoracic spinal cord 20. In our cases, we have learned that it is debatable whether the calves displayed the sign of bunny hopping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Congenital diplomyelia and hydromyelia in two calves

Hut

Vos

Hooijer

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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We describe two clinical cases of diplomyelia with hydromyelia in newborn calves. Both animals presented clinical signs of a general proprioceptive ataxia affecting the pelvic limbs. The most clear finding during clinical examination of the animals was an unilateral (case 1) or bilateral (case 2) absent patellar reflex. Only the second case was serologically tested positive for Schmallenberg virus, which is not a very likely aetiology. The cause of the spinal cord lesions in both calves remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Congenital diplomyelia and hydromyelia in two calves

Hut

Vos

Hooijer

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Neuronotmesis (complete severance of a nerve) carries the worst prognosis for recovery, whereas neuropraxia (transient interruption of nerve function, due to traction, decreased blood supply) would carry a more favourable prognosis (Lorenz and others 2011). The type of injury in this case was most likely neuropraxia, demonstrated by the full and swift recovery that was noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This case report shows that recovery is indeed possible when nociception is absent following (suspected) traumatic BPI. Therefore, ample time (at least 8–12 weeks) should be taken to assess whether any regain of function is noticeable (Van Soens and others 2009, Lorenz and others 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return of function in a feline thoracic limb after suspected traumatic brachial plexus injury with loss of nociception

Santifort¹

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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A two-year-old cat was presented after a suspected traumatic incident with loss of motor function and sensation in the right thoracic limb. Nociception was absent and, therefore, prognosis for return of function was considered guarded. However, after two weeks the cat showed signs of motor function in the limb, and upon clinical examination six weeks post incident, nociception and motor function had returned.

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“…In the manipulative observations of the FOB (data not shown), haloperidol rats were scored similarly to vehicle controls on (1) ease of removal, (2) handling reactivity, (3) approach response, (4) click response, (5) tail-pinch response, and (6) touch response scores. Using all 3 observation methods, the decreases in basic, fine movement counts as well as the decrease in rearing counts are more demonstrative evidence for a diagnosis of “catalepsy” and not “sedation” (refer to the study by Lorenz et al, Lorenz and Kornegay, Fahn et al, and LeDoux 111 –114 ).…”

Section: Value Added By Automated Lmamentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS Safety Screening Under ICH S7A Guidelines Requires Observations of Multiple Behavioral Units to Assess Motor Function

Gauvin

Zimmermann

Dalton³

et al. 2019

Int J Toxicol

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In the adoption of behavior as a critical end point in safety pharmacology and neurotoxicity screening, federal regulatory agencies have shifted the predominating scientific perspective from pharmacology back to the experimental analysis of behavior (psychology). Nowhere is this more evident than in tier I safety assessment of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS and peripheral nervous system have multiple behavioral units of general activity. A complete picture of the motor control neural pathways cannot be measured by any one single approach. The CNS safety protocols under International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use S7A are required to be conducted in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices by trained technical staff. The CNS safety assessments necessitate the inclusion of a thorough and detailed behavioral analysis of home cage activity, the response to handling, and transportation to and observations within an open-field apparatus with ancillary measures of basal muscle tone, muscle strength, and tremor in a functional observation battery, as well as quantitative measurements of 3-dimensional activity in an automated photobeam arena. Cost-cutting initiatives or a radical application of the “reduce use” principle of the 3 Rs only jeopardize the spirit, intent, and predictive validity of tier I safety testing assays dictated by current drug safety guidelines.

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Pain

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Congenital diplomyelia and hydromyelia in two calves

Congenital diplomyelia and hydromyelia in two calves

Return of function in a feline thoracic limb after suspected traumatic brachial plexus injury with loss of nociception

CNS Safety Screening Under ICH S7A Guidelines Requires Observations of Multiple Behavioral Units to Assess Motor Function

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