Pain relief of breastfeeding and music therapy during heel lance in healthy term neonates

Abstract

Objective: Nurses are able to identify the risks of constipation, and manage patients who are having constipation with standardized documentation using Bristol Stool Chart. Methods: A multiple-choice pre-test on constipation were distributed to the nurses. Followed by sharing with the nurses the results of the pre-test. Educational sessions using power point slides were scheduled during roll-calls. The new practice were introduced to all nurses within two weeks. Mutiple-choice post-tests were given to the nurses to check the effectiveness of the educational sessions. Audit was done to evaluate the effectiveness of the new practice and measure the compliance rate of documentation. Results were collated and shared with the nurses. Results: All nurses were briefed on Bristol Stool Chart documentation and attended the educational sessions. Nurses that carried out the nursing interventions to reduce the risk of developing constipation increased from 60% to 70%. The number of patients developing constipation reduced from 40% to 17% after the new practice was implemented. Discussion: Increasing the nurses' knowledge will allow better nursing care in preventing and managing patients with constipation, hence, better patient outcomes. Conclusion: Applying the learned knowledge on constipation and documentation on the Bristol Stool Chart, the nurses will be able to prevent and manage patients' constipation effectively in the ward.

Effects of breastfeeding and heel warming on pain levels during heel stick in neonates

“…Obeidat and Shuriquie () determined that pain levels of full‐term newborns were reduced when breastfeeding and maternal holding were combined during heel stick procedures. Our study results are similar to the study results of Zhu et al (), Okan et al (), and Obeidat and Shuriquie ().…”

“…Healthy newborns are usually exposed to various levels of pain during medical procedures such as routine metabolic scans, injections of vitamin K, hepatitis vaccine, and circumcision during the first days of life. Nonpharmacologic methods are often used for pain control during these practices (Cong, ; Gargiulo, Lynch, & Slogar, ; Obeidat & Shuriquie, ; Pillai Riddell et al, ; Zhu et al, ). In newborns, these methods contribute to the control of short‐term and long‐term negative results of pain, shorten hospital stay, and make it easier for newborns to adapt to their environment.…”

“…Healthy newborns face a variety of painful procedures from the first moments of their lives. Acute pain due to medical procedures causes physiologic changes such as behavioural stress and decreased oxygen saturation, haemodynamic instability, and increased intracranial pressure (Zhu et al, 2015, Witt, Coynor, Edwards, & Bradshaw, 2016Obeidat & Shuriquie, 2015). These problems, which are caused by pain, adversely affect the baby's sense of the external world, growth and development, and family-baby interaction (Obeidat & Shuriquie, 2015).…”

“…One of the recently adopted methods used to reduce pain during neonatal heel stick procedures is heel warming (Cong, 2015;Zhu et al, 2015). Heel warming increases vascularity by causing vasodilatation in the region and facilitates sampling by accelerating blood flow (Icke & Genc, 2016;Janes, Pinelli, Landry, Downey, & Paes, 2002).…”

“…Heel warming increases vascularity by causing vasodilatation in the region and facilitates sampling by accelerating blood flow (Icke & Genc, 2016;Janes, Pinelli, Landry, Downey, & Paes, 2002). It is also reported that vasodilatation provided by heel warming influenced the duration of the bleeding process and the crying period of the newborn (Cong, 2015;Zhu et al, 2015). It has been found that neonates have a significant decrease in pain perception when heel warming is used during heel stick procedures (Cong, 2015;Obeidat & Shuriquie, 2015;Shah et al, 2012;Uga et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2015).…”