Pain Relief for Neonatal Circumcision: A Follow-up of Residency Training Practices

Yawman, Daniel; Howard, Cynthia R.; Garfunkel, Lynn C.; Allan, Marjorie J.; Weitzman, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ambp.2006.04.008

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…237 There is good and fair evidence of considerable variation in provider type by region and by hospital, [238][239][240] with midwives performing circumcision in some locations. 18,241 Training curricula for teaching newborn circumcision in departments of pediatrics 237,242 and family medicine 243 have been described but do not provide information on how widely used they are or the trainings' results and/ or effectiveness.…”

Section: Workforce Development and Provision Of Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…238 As of 2006, 97% of programs that included training in performance of circumcision taught the use of either local or topical anesthetics for circumcision analgesia, an increase from 45% to 74% in 1998. [238][239][240] Although case studies were excluded from this review, it was noted that 2 record reviews with fair evidence addressed the need for circumcision revision based on the medical discipline of the physician who performed the original procedure. 241,244 None of the articles reviewed addressed current or future workforce needs, which seems to depend on the number of surgeries being performed, the future demand, and reimbursement for the procedure.…”

Section: Workforce Development and Provision Of Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Male Circumcision

Blank¹,

Brady²,

Buerk³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

297

149

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Male circumcision consists of the surgical removal of some, or all, of the foreskin (or prepuce) from the penis. It is one of the most common procedures in the world. In the United States, the procedure is commonly performed during the newborn period. In 2007, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a multidisciplinary workgroup of AAP members and other stakeholders to evaluate the evidence regarding male circumcision and update the AAP’s 1999 recommendations in this area. The Task Force included AAP representatives from specialty areas as well as members of the AAP Board of Directors and liaisons representing the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Task Force members identified selected topics relevant to male circumcision and conducted a critical review of peer-reviewed literature by using the American Heart Association’s template for evidence evaluation. Evaluation of current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks; furthermore, the benefits of newborn male circumcision justify access to this procedure for families who choose it. Specific benefits from male circumcision were identified for the prevention of urinary tract infections, acquisition of HIV, transmission of some sexually transmitted infections, and penile cancer. Male circumcision does not appear to adversely affect penile sexual function/sensitivity or sexual satisfaction. It is imperative that those providing circumcision are adequately trained and that both sterile techniques and effective pain management are used. Significant acute complications are rare. In general, untrained providers who perform circumcisions have more complications than well-trained providers who perform the procedure, regardless of whether the former are physicians, nurses, or traditional religious providers. Parents are entitled to factually correct, nonbiased information about circumcision and should receive this information from clinicians before conception or early in pregnancy, which is when parents typically make circumcision decisions. Parents should determine what is in the best interest of their child. Physicians who counsel families about this decision should provide assistance by explaining the potential benefits and risks and ensuring that parents understand that circumcision is an elective procedure. The Task Force strongly recommends the creation, revision, and enhancement of educational materials to assist parents of male infants with the care of circumcised and uncircumcised penises. The Task Force also strongly recommends the development of educational materials for providers to enhance practitioners’ competency in discussing circumcision’s benefits and risks with parents. The Task Force made the following recommendations:Evaluation of current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, and the benefits of newborn male circumcision justify access to this procedure for those families who choose it.Parents are entitled to factually correct, nonbiased information about circumcision that should be provided before conception and early in pregnancy, when parents are most likely to be weighing the option of circumcision of a male child.Physicians counseling families about elective male circumcision should assist parents by explaining, in a nonbiased manner, the potential benefits and risks and by ensuring that they understand the elective nature of the procedure.Parents should weigh the health benefits and risks in light of their own religious, cultural, and personal preferences, as the medical benefits alone may not outweigh these other considerations for individual families.Parents of newborn boys should be instructed in the care of the penis, regardless of whether the newborn has been circumcised or not.Elective circumcision should be performed only if the infant’s condition is stable and healthy.Male circumcision should be performed by trained and competent practitioners, by using sterile techniques and effective pain management.Analgesia is safe and effective in reducing the procedural pain associated with newborn circumcision; thus, adequate analgesia should be provided whenever newborn circumcision is performed.Nonpharmacologic techniques (eg, positioning, sucrose pacifiers) alone are insufficient to prevent procedural and postprocedural pain and are not recommended as the sole method of analgesia. They should be used only as analgesic adjuncts to improve infant comfort during circumcision.If used, topical creams may cause a higher incidence of skin irritation in low birth weight infants, compared with infants of normal weight; penile nerve block techniques should therefore be chosen for this group of newborns.Key professional organizations (AAP, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the American College of Nurse Midwives, and other midlevel clinicians such as nurse practitioners) should work collaboratively to:Develop standards of trainee proficiency in the performance of anesthetic and procedure techniques, including suturing;Teach the procedure and analgesic techniques during postgraduate training programs;Develop educational materials for clinicians to enhance their own competency in discussing the benefits and risks of circumcision with parents;Offer educational materials to assist parents of male infants with the care of both circumcised and uncircumcised penises.The preventive and public health benefits associated with newborn male circumcision warrant third-party reimbursement of the procedure. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has endorsed this technical report.

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Section: Workforce Development and Provision Of Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Workforce Development and Provision Of Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Circumcision

Blank¹,

Brady²,

Buerk³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

297

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At post-operative period appropriate pain management should be provided [39]. Analgesic procedures such as dorsal penile nerve block, ring block, or topical anesthesia (lidocaine, prilocaine) before surgery and choosing sensitive clamps (eg Mogen clamp) during procedure decrease pain [40,41].…”

Section: Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative Pain Management in Urology

2016

Ann Clin Anal Med

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“…A South African study found that most providers knew that circumcision significantly reduced the risk of HIV acquisition in men, but most did not have the knowledge to communicate this to clients . Common provider training deficiencies included screening for contraindications, provision of effective analgesia, and managing AEs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%