Pain reactivity of monkeys after lesions to the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord

Cj, Vierck; Dm, Hamilton; Ji, Thornby

doi:10.1007/bf00234083

Cited by 119 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A benefit of the OPAD is that the rodent can choose whether or not to perform the task, this allows the rodent to express escape or avoidance behavior. This complex behavior requires cortical decision making to control the amount of nociception the rodent feels 14,29,15,30 . While escape and avoidance behaviors can interfere with reflex based measures these pain behaviors are an integral component of the OPAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) uses a reward/conflict assay which allows a rodent to choose between receiving a reinforcing reward or escaping an aversive stimulus thus controlling the amount of pain it feels during a session 14,15 . Rodents are first trained to press their faces into temperature controlled thermodes in order to gain access to a food bottle containing a liquid reward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Anderson

Mills

Nolan

et al. 2013

JoVE

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We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7°C and 60 °C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Anderson

Mills

Nolan

et al. 2013

JoVE

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“…Moreover, the hyperalgesia produced by medullary lesions of the rat (Proudfit & Anderson, 1975) and spinal lesions of the cat (Kennard, 1950) and monkey (Vierck, Hamilton & Thornby, 1971) Proudfit & Anderson (1975) but not in those of Yaksh, Plant & Rudy (1977) and Chance, Krynock & Rosecrans (1978). It is difficult to interpret the experiments of Basbaum, Marley, O'Keefe & Clanton (1977) in which lesions of the dorsolateral spinal funiculus of the rat reduced the ability of morphine to suppress withdrawal of a limb following application of an alligator clip since data on the effects of the lesion alone were not supplied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine and Supraspinal Inhibition of Spinal Neurones: Evidence That Morphìne Decreases Tonic Descending Inhibition in the Anaesthetized Cat

Duggan¹,

Griersmith²,

North³

1980

British J Pharmacology

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1 A study was made in cats anaesthetized with barbiturate or a-chloralose, of the excitation of dorsal horn neurones by impulses in unmyelinated (C) primary afferent fibres of the tibial nerve. 2 Block of conduction in the first lumbar segment by cooling produced large increases in the number of action potentials evoked by C fibre afferents in neurones of more caudal segments. 3 Morphine (0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg) reduced the excitation of neurones by C fibre afferents and also reduced the increase produced by blocking conduction in the spinal cord. Naloxone (0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg) reversed these effects of morphine.4 This decrease in descending inhibition supports findings in the decerebrate cat but gives no support to the hypothesis that an important component of morphine analgesia is an activation of descending inhibitory pathways.

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“…In primates, many studies have evaluated functional recovery after spinal cord transection [28][29][30][31], mostly using lesions of specific funiculi to determine the role of ascending [32][33][34][35] and descending tracts, especially the corticospinal tract [12,13,[36][37][38][39][40]. In initial studies we used a low thoracic (T10) hemisection to study the effect of a unilateral corticospinal tract lesion on quadrupedal stepping and recovery of fine motor control of the hindlimbs using tasks that required dexterous foot digit movements [41,42].…”

Section: Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Neurologic Disorders: A Nonhuman Primate Model of Spinal Cord Injury

et al. 2012

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Pain reactivity of monkeys after lesions to the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord

Cited by 119 publications

References 51 publications

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Morphine and Supraspinal Inhibition of Spinal Neurones: Evidence That Morphìne Decreases Tonic Descending Inhibition in the Anaesthetized Cat

Animal Models of Neurologic Disorders: A Nonhuman Primate Model of Spinal Cord Injury

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