Pain Reactions Upon Stimulation of the Tectum Mesencephali

Spiegel, E. A.; Kletzkin, M.; Szekely, E.G.

doi:10.1097/00005072-195401000-00017

Cited by 228 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was therefore concluded that the substratum concerned with these various patterns of emotional behaviour constitutes an unbroken field, comprising portions of the central gray matter of the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the mid-brain. The reactions were strikingly similar to those seen when a cat is confronted by a dog, but did not appear to be the pain-suggestive reactions reported by Spiegel, Kletzkin & Szekely (1954) in the unrestrained cat, and by Delgado (1955) …”

supporting

confidence: 71%

Central representation of affective reactions in forebrain and brain stem: electrical stimulation of amygdala, stria terminalis, and adjacent structures

Molina¹,

Hunsperger²

1959

The Journal of Physiology

203

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Ever since Bard (1928) demonstrated on cats that rage reactions readily develop after decortication and transection of the brain stem at the level of the diencephalon, the attention of workers has been directed toward the role played by the diencephalon and mesencephalon in the government of these reactions. Ranson & Magoun (1933) by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in cats with the head fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus obtained spitting; Magoun, Atlas, Ingersoll & Ranson (1937) from the central gray matter of the mid-brain and the adjacent tegmentum produced hissing and crying. On the waking, freely moving cat, Hess & Briigger (1943) elicited an affective defence reaction, i.e. hissing, lowering of the head, flattening of the ears, marked dilatation of the pupils, and pilo-erection on back and tail, by stimulation of the 'perifornical' region of the hypothalamus. Flight responses have also been produced by stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and the adjacent subthalamic region (Hess, 1949(Hess, , 1957. Hunsperger (1956) obtained the affective defence reaction, not only from the 'perifornical' region of the hypothalamus, but also from the central gray matter of the mid-brain, these two areas being surrounded by a larger common field from which flight responses were obtained. It was therefore concluded that the substratum concerned with these various patterns of emotional behaviour constitutes an unbroken field, comprising portions of the central gray matter of the preoptic area, the hypothalamus and the mid-brain. The reactions were strikingly similar to those seen when a cat is confronted by a dog, but did not appear to be the pain-suggestive reactions reported by Spiegel, Kletzkin & Szekely (1954) in the unrestrained cat, and by Delgado (1955)

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supporting

confidence: 71%

Central representation of affective reactions in forebrain and brain stem: electrical stimulation of amygdala, stria terminalis, and adjacent structures

Molina¹,

Hunsperger²

1959

The Journal of Physiology

203

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“…The muscle afferent projection to the superior colliculus terminates in part on cells of origin of the tectospinal and tectoreticular systems (Abrahams & Rose, 1975a;Rose & Abrahams, 1978). It is not easy to see how non-proprioceptive muscle afferent input to the superior colliculus may be related to the defence reaction which has long been known to be elicited from stimulation of the superior colliculus (Hunsperger, 1956; Spiegel, Kletzkin & Szekely, 1954;Abrahams, Hilton & Zbrozyna, 1960), and which is the basis of Stein (1978) and Stein and Dixon's (1979) hypothesis. Muscle pain does, however, alter patterns of motor activity and profoundly influences the use of the affected muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of afferents from the large dorsal neck muscles that project to the superior colliculus in the cat.

Abrahams¹,

Turner²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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1. A 3.5‐5 mm passive stretch of dorsal neck muscles at velocities of 50 mm/sec, a stimulus adequate to excite most neck muscle spindles, was usually ineffective in eliciting unit discharge in the superior colliculus. The sudden release of muscle tension was effective and excited fifty‐seven of sixty‐seven units tested. 2. When electrical stimulation of neck muscle nerves was used, a stimulus strength sufficient to excite Group III muscle afferents was usually required to elicit unit discharge in the superior colliculus. 3. It is concluded that the projection from neck muscles to the superior colliculus largely takes origin in Group III afferent whose function remains to be determined. Some contribution to the projection to the superior colliculus from proprioceptive afferents served by larger fibres cannot be ruled out.

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“…In addition to prefrontal lobotomy, there were several techniques to interrupt the extrapyramidal tracts in the peduncle [5,6] or through the ventricle [7,8]. Effects of stimulation at various frequencies for cortical localization had been appreciated for many years [9], and those same procedures were readily adapted for subcortical structures [10,11].…”

Section: Gildenbergmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following year, they reported the use of stereotactic pallido-thalamotomy in treatment of Huntington's chorea (which was the first movement disorder treated with this new technique) [12], and the treatment of pain with lesions in the mesencephalon and thalamus [10]. In 1950, they reported treatment of seizures with stereotactic lesions [13], and that same year reported the use of pallidotomy for treatment of choreoathetosis [14].…”

Section: Gildenbergmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiegel and Wycis – The Early Years

Gildenberg¹

2001

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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The field of human stereotactic surgery was introduced by Ernest A. Spiegel and Henry T. Wycis by a historical paper in Science in 1947. Spiegel was a conservative Vienna trained experimental neurologist who fled the Nazis to Temple Medical School in Philadelphia. Wycis was a huge flamboyant but brilliant neurosurgeon who started as Spiegel’s student and then became his collaborator. They described a Horsley-Clarke apparatus that could be used in human stereotactic surgery. It relied on internal cerebral landmarks, which made it accurate enough to be used in humans. The fields of human neurophysiology, pneumoencephalography, radiology, and electrophysiology had advanced enough to provide for the first time the required technology. At the time of their initial publication, they had probably already performed surgery for psychiatric illness, pain, movement disorders, and aspiration of tumor cysts. The first decade after their publication was a remarkably productive time for them and the other pioneers who entered the field.

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Pain Reactions Upon Stimulation of the Tectum Mesencephali

Cited by 228 publications

References 16 publications

Central representation of affective reactions in forebrain and brain stem: electrical stimulation of amygdala, stria terminalis, and adjacent structures

Central representation of affective reactions in forebrain and brain stem: electrical stimulation of amygdala, stria terminalis, and adjacent structures

The nature of afferents from the large dorsal neck muscles that project to the superior colliculus in the cat.

Spiegel and Wycis – The Early Years

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