Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: Results From A Postal Survey

Rose, Melanie J.; Robinson, J.; Ells, P.; Cole, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/s0965-206x(14)80187-3

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The prospects of improvement ± in our study 7% for intensity and frequency ± are far from good, as con®rmed by Rose et al 13 The probability of no change or of worsening is substantially higher, with worsening of the severity of pain even more likely than an increased frequency. In our search for improvements in pain we used a separate question to ascertain all the patients who had formerly experienced P/D but in whom these symptoms had completely disappeared, either spontaneously or as a result of treatment.…”

Section: (D) Subjective Distress Resulting From P/d and Restrictions supporting

confidence: 47%

Chronic pain/dysaesthesiae in spinal cord injury patients: results of a multicentre study

Störmer

Gerner

Grüninger³

et al. 1997

Spinal Cord

224

158

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The aim of the multicentre study* entitled`Description and Documentation of Painful States in Spinal Cord Injury Patients', in addition to the description and documentation of chronic pain and stressful dysaesthesiae in SCI patients, was the search for correlations between these symptoms and medical and psychosocial variables. To this end, the sample was selected to be as representative as possible. All patients referred for in-patient or out-patient treatment at the centres taking part were enrolled in the study in order of presentation, providing they gave consent and met the inclusion criteria. Psychosocial, medical and demographic data were elicited by a standardized battery of questions and a standardized physical examination, as were any chronic pain/dysaesthesiae (P/D) present in any localization. Among 901 patients, 34% had no chronic pain or dysaesthesiae, 50% had pain only, 11% had painful dysaesthesiae and 5%, non-painful but chronic and distressing dysaesthesiae. The intensity of P/D was noted as seven or more on a 10 cm visual analogue scale by 61% of the patients a ected and was experienced as rather or very distressing in 75% of cases. Most (86%) P/D were located below the spinal lesion or in the transition zone. There were signi®cant correlations between the presence of P/D and age on questioning and at onset of the paraplegia/tetraplegia, problems with rectal paralysis, expectations of life as a paraplegic/tetraplegic, and subjective assessment of changes in working life. Highly signi®cant correlations were found with subjective distress resulting of paraplegia/tetraplegia as such, depressed mood and psychosomatic disturbances of wellbeing. Overall, among the selected variables of our study, we found that correlations between P/D and psychosocial variables were more frequent and closer than those between P/D and medical variables.

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Section: (D) Subjective Distress Resulting From P/d and Restrictions supporting

confidence: 47%

Chronic pain/dysaesthesiae in spinal cord injury patients: results of a multicentre study

Störmer

Gerner

Grüninger³

et al. 1997

Spinal Cord

224

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…39 Factors that have been found to affect adjustment to SCI include depressed mood, 40,41 anxiety, sadness, and a perception of excessive fatigue. 42,43 In this group, depression (including feelings of sadness) was not found to be an important factor, although anxious symptoms increased. In this population factors that are likely to be important include dependence on others, interference with normal activities of daily living, pain, and loss of meaningful work and recreational activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Impact of spinal cord injury on self-perceived pre- and postmorbid cognitive, emotional and physical functioning

et al. 2007

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Study Design: Cross-sectional study with repeated measurements. Objectives: To examine the patient's perspective of the impact of spinal cord injury (SCI) on physical, cognitive, emotional function, and quality of life (QOL). Setting: Australia. Methods: A sample of 63 patients with SCI, 32 of whom had recent injuries, and 31 with established injuries were administered the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory to examine patients' subjective evaluation of pre-and post-injury functioning. Current happiness levels were also evaluated using the Subjective Happiness Scale. A follow up assessment was performed 6 months later to examine changes over time. Results: A significant difference was found between perception of pre-and postmorbid function on composite Cognitive (t ¼ 5.99, df ¼ 62, Po0.001), Physical (t ¼ 11.56, df ¼ 62, Po0.001), and QOL (t ¼ 7.16, df ¼ 62, Po0.001) scales and on several of the Emotional subscales including anxiety, paranoia and suspicion, and substance abuse (Po0.001). A series of hierarchical regression analyses indicate that post-SCI pain was a significant predictor of: cognitive (R 2 ¼ 0.20, Po0.001); emotional (R 2 ¼ 0.13, Po0.004); and of QOL (R 2 ¼ 0.22, Po0.001) functioning. With the exception of a decrease in happiness (Po0.01), there were no significant changes in any measures over the 6 month time period. Conclusions: There are significant changes in patients' perceptions of physical and cognitive functioning, and of QOL before and after SCI and some aspects of emotional functioning. Pain has a significant adverse effect on functioning. Happiness decreased slightly in the 6 months between surveys.

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“…Results from a postal survey in Britain indicated that 98 people out of a total of 885 who replied stated that it was pain rather than loss of function that stopped them working. 19 The impact of pain following SCI is also demonstrated by a study which reported that 37% of higher level SCI patients with pain and 23% of lower level SCI patients with pain would, if they had the chance, trade pain relief for loss of bladder, bowel or sexual function. 20 In recent years, signi®cant advances have been made in the understanding and management of pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Classification of pain following spinal cord injury

1997

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Pain continues to be a signi®cant management problem in people with spinal cord injuries. Despite this there is little consensus regarding the nature, terminology and de®nitions of the various types of pain that occur following spinal cord injury. This has led to large variations in the reported incidence and prevalence of pain following spinal cord injury. Treatment studies have been hampered by inconsistent and inaccurate identi®cation of pain types. We believe that both research and management would bene®t from an agreed upon classi®cation system which accurately and reliably identi®es the types of pain that occur following spinal cord injury. We have reviewed the literature on the classi®cation of pain following spinal cord injury and have developed a classi®cation system which adopts the strengths of previous systems and attempts to avoid the weaknesses inherent in others. Our proposed classi®cation system of pain following spinal cord injury includes four major divisions: musculoskeletal, visceral, neuropathic and other types of pain. We have divided neuropathic pain on the basis of region into two subdivisions: neuropathic at level and neuropathic below level pain. We have further divided neuropathic at level pain into two categories: radicular and central, to indicate the presumed site of the lesion responsible for pain generation. We believe that our proposed classi®cation system is comprehensive, simple and readily applicable in the clinical and research situation. It is our hope that this proposed classi®cation will contribute to the eventual development of a universal system for the classi®cation of pain following spinal cord injury.

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Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: Results From A Postal Survey

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Chronic pain/dysaesthesiae in spinal cord injury patients: results of a multicentre study

Chronic pain/dysaesthesiae in spinal cord injury patients: results of a multicentre study

Impact of spinal cord injury on self-perceived pre- and postmorbid cognitive, emotional and physical functioning

Classification of pain following spinal cord injury

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