Pain drawing in the evaluation of low back pain

Takata, Kohei; Hirotani, Hayato

doi:10.1007/bf00178350

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Pain drawings have been used in spinal surgery for psychological evaluation of patients [8,18,32,40], for diagnostic purposes [5,29,30,31,33] and for prediction of outcome [15,23,24,37]. Few have used the pain drawing for evaluation of pain after spinal surgery.…”

Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Andersen

Christensen

Hansen

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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IntroductionPosterolateral spinal fusion has become an evidence-based treatment of chronic low back pain caused by spondylolisthesis or spinal instability [12,26]. Although widely used, the beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of adding pedicle-screw fixation to the posterolateral spinal fusion has not yet been demonstrated [11,13,25,38]. All studies have shown reduction in pain and disability, but few have investigated the severity and localisation of residual pain several years after the procedure.Abstract Pain drawings have been used in spine surgery for diagnostic use and psychological evaluation of fusion candidates; they have rarely been used to evaluate pain status after spinal fusion. This study is a 5-year follow-up on a randomised clinical trial assigning patients to posterolateral spinal fusion with or without pedicle screw instrumentation. Patients were mailed a pain drawing and questionnaires including questions regarding work, social status, smoking status, the Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ), and the Low Back Pain Rating Scale (LBPRS). Pain drawings were scored using a visual inspection method and a surfacebased point scoring and evaluated for the presence of donor site pain. Pain drawings from 109 patients (87% of the initially included patients), 56 men and 53 women, mean age at followup 51 years, were analysed. Fiftythree patients had undergone an instrumented fusion and 56 a non-instrumented fusion. Some presence of low back pain was marked by 79% and leg pain by 69%. Sixty-two percent of the pain drawings were classified as "organic" and 38% as "nonorganic". There was no difference between the instrumented and the uninstrumented group. DPQ and LBPRS scores were higher in the non-organic group (P=0.007). Using the point scoring, no difference between the instrumented and the uninstrumented group was seen. The results of the point scoring were found to correlate with the DPQ and LBPRS scores (P=0.001). Working patients (39%) had significantly better scores than the rest. Ten percent of the patients had donor site pain. Twenty percent of spinal fusion patients are totally pain free at 5-year follow-up. Ten percent still experience donor site pain. In general, instrumentation does not affect the amount and localisation of pain 5 years after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The pain drawing seems to be a valuable tool when following spinal fusion patients, but its use as prognostic marker in connection with fusion surgery needs further investigation.

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Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Andersen

Christensen

Hansen

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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“…Considering its wide applicability, a number of research studies have been conducted over the years to examine its validity for the intended purpose. Their results indicate that the pain drawing is considered to be a valuable and useful tool in identifying pain location and sensation type, with most of patients demonstrating consistency in completing it [12,18]. Due to their established usefulness and acceptance in assessing pain across various medical conditions [8,11,12], there have also been efforts to utilise the benefits of pain drawings to the SCI population that is characterised by the severity of this injury, which appears, for instance, in approximately more than 1,000 people per year in Britain alone [17].…”

Section: Current Approaches To Pain Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D vs. 3D Pain Visualization: User Preferences in a Spinal Cord Injury Cohort

Spyridonis

Ghinea

2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract.Research on pain experienced after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) has revealed that not only are there several types of pain present in the same individual with this kind of trauma, but also that people who suffer such an injury can describe the characteristics of the same type of pain in different ways. Making it possible, therefore, to more precisely describe pain experience could prove to be vital for an increased quality of life. Accordingly, fifteen individuals with pain after SCI were asked to describe their pain experience using a 3 Dimensional (3D) model of the human body that could be used as an aid in communicating their pain. The results of this study suggest that the consensus of the participants approved the ability of the 3D model to more accurately describe their pain, an encouraging outcome towards the use of 3D technology in support of post SCI pain rehabilitation.

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“…1a. The consensus of the literature seems to indicate that the pain drawing is considered to be a valuable and useful tool in identifying pain location and sensation type, with most of the studies pointing to patients consistently completing it [21,28]. Nevertheless, based on a previous paper of ours [5], the aforementioned pain drawing was found to be subject to several drawbacks, especially regarding its limited ability to accurately visualize the medical information required in all spatial dimensions.…”

Section: A Back-pain Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason lays in the fact that such a topographical representation and interpretation is very useful in summarizing a patient's description of the location and type of pain, in an interpretable way for the clinician. Moreover, it makes it possible to determine whether the pain experienced is of organic or non-organic nature [28].…”

Section: E Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Pain Drawings and Seating Pressure Maps: Relationships and Challenges

Spyridonis

Ghinea

2011

IEEE Trans. Inform. Technol. Biomed.

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Abstract-Mobility impaired people constitute a significant portion of the adult population, which often experience back pain at some point during their lifetime. Such pain is usually characterized by severe implications reflected on both their personal lives, as well as on a country's health and economic systems. The traditional 2-dimensional (2D) representations of the human body often used can be limited in their ability to efficiently visualize such pain for diagnosis purposes. Yet, patients have been shown to prefer such drawings. However, considering that pain is a feeling or emotion that is subjective in nature, the pain drawings could be consequently regarded as a subjective means of communicating such pain. As a result, the work described in this paper proposes an alternative, which encompasses a 3-dimensional (3D) pain visualization solution, developed in a previous work of ours. This alternative is complemented with the upcoming technique of pressure mapping for more objectivity in the pain data collection. The results of this study have shown that the proposed approach is a promising solution for the purpose intended, and it could generally prove to be a significant complementary method in the area of medical practice for the mobility impaired community.

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Pain drawing in the evaluation of low back pain

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

2D vs. 3D Pain Visualization: User Preferences in a Spinal Cord Injury Cohort

3-D Pain Drawings and Seating Pressure Maps: Relationships and Challenges

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