Pain Control with Epidural Injection of Morphine

Stability of morphine solutions in plastic syringes determined by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography

“…However, conflicting reports have been published regarding the stability of preservative-free morphine solutions when stored in plastic syringes.6J1J2 Whereas the studies by Bray et a1.I2 and Gove et a1. 6 have demonstrated adequate stability of these solutions for a period of several days, a report by Orr and McBride" has indicated that in plastic syringes, morphine degrades within 20 min at room temperature. This is of concern as morphine solutions are required to be stored in syringes for several hours when used as infusions, and for several days when dispensed as pre-filled syringes for cancer outpatients.…”

Analytic Review: Blunt Chest Trauma: The Intensivist's Perspective

“…or inadequately treated. Three or fewer broken ribs can be treated with intercostal nerve blocks, whereas four or more are best treated, in our experience, with epidural anesthesia using either morphine [10] or 0.5% bupivacaine. Elderly patients or those with emphysema are particularly vulnerable to these complications.…”

Postoperative analgesia in dogs receiving epidural morphine plus medetomidine

“…Several studies have shown that the time to reach maximum concentration in plasma, 19–34 ng/mL, is 10–15 min for doses within the normal therapeutic range (2–10 mg) in humans. The peak morphine levels reported in CSF (375 ng/mL) were 100–200 times higher than the corresponding plasma morphine levels (Bromage et al ., 1980; Chayen et al ., 1980; Mogora et al ., 1980; Rawal et al ., 1981; Weddel & Ritter, 1981; Nordberg et al ., 1983; Dahlstrom et al ., 1986). In these reports, CSF morphine concentrations were considerably higher than the plasma concentrations at all times (Nordberg et al ., 1983; Tamsen et al ., 1983).…”