Pain and Parkinson disease in the elderly

Abstract

Pain is a frequent complaint in Parkinson disease (PD), but also in general elderly population. Its impact on daily life is considered to be high. The McGill Questionnaire (Br-MPQ) is an instrument developed to measure the magnitude of pain impact on life quality. Objective. Measure the pain impact on life of old patients with and without PD. Method. Br-MPQ was applied in a group of PD patients (GI=15) and in age-matched controlled subjects (GII=15). Results. Pain was reported in 53% of GI (n=8) and in 47% of GII (n=7). A small increase of Br-MPQ negative answers about social and daily life activities in GI was observed, but without significant statistical differences in none of Br-MPQ items (p>0.05). Conclusion. In face of recent literature, these data are dissonant, but it is important to note that the sample is small and no generalizations are permitted. It is possible, however, to speculate that other PD major dysfunctions might overcome the pain impact measured by Br-MPQ or, perhaps, this instrument could not be suitable. A possible bias resulted from differences of educational level of the studied subjects and the great difference sex-related between GI and GII should be also considered.

Pain characterization in patients with Parkinson's disease

“…with a prevalence of 70%. In contrast, studies with the lowest prevalence rates included Skogar et al., 34 with 33%, Polidorio et al 31 . reporting 53% for patients with PD and 7% for the control group without PD, Ozturk & Kocer 30 with 48.20%, and Shiraishi et al., 43 which observed a prevalence of 40.3%.…”

“…Camacho‐Conde & Campos‐Arillo 25 reported that pain was more frequent when patients were in “OFF” states of anti‐Parkinson's medication. However, other studies, such as Nègre‐Pagès et al., 39 Polidorio et al., 31 Silverdale et al., 47 Ozturk & Kocer, 30 Lien et al., 44 Camargo et al., 26 Agrawal et al., 24 O'Neill et al., 29 and Valkovic, 36 did not provide specific information on the frequency of pain in patients with PD.…”

“…The 26 included studies involved patients diagnosed with PD from various countries, including India, Spain, Sweden, Italy, Norway, Germany, France, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, England, Turkey, China, and Japan, in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and home settings. Among the included observational studies, 20 were classified as cross‐sectional 12,24–42 . Additionally, there were 2 retrospective cohort studies, 43,44 2 prospective studies, 30,45 1 longitudinal study, 46 and 1 detailed clinical study 47 .…”

“…Hirsi et al 42 also observed a high rate of 84%, followed by De Mattos et al 40 with 70.3%, and Agrawal et al 24 with a prevalence of 70%. In contrast, studies with the lowest prevalence rates included Skogar et al, 34 with 33%, Polidorio et al 31 reporting 53% for patients with PD and 7% for the control group without PD, Ozturk & Kocer 30 with 48.20%, and Shiraishi et al, 43 which observed a prevalence of 40.3%. Such diversity among the results highlights the variability in the pain experience among patients with PD and underscores the need for an individualized approach to its management.…”

“…Among the included observational studies, 20 were classified as cross-sectional. 12,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Additionally, there were 2 retrospective cohort studies, 43,44 2 prospective studies, 30,45 1 longitudinal study, 46 and 1 detailed clinical study. 47 The characterization of the included studies is presented in Table 3.…”