Pain and Orthodontic Treatment

Krukemeyer, Amy M.; Arruda, Airton O.; Inglehart, Marita R.

doi:10.2319/121308-632r.1

Cited by 74 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…17 Hence, the objectives of this project were to modify and validate the MPQ-SF for assessment of the nature, quality, and intensity of pain experienced by adolescent orthodontic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire for orthodontic patients

Iwasaki

Freytag²,

Schumacher

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To assess better and more efficiently the aspects of pain experienced by adolescent orthodontic patients, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF) was modified (MMPQ-SF) and validated. Materials and Methods: Internal and external expert panels developed a MMPQ-SF with 15 descriptors and 4-point Likert severity scales (MMPQ-SF15). Seventy-five subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment gave informed consent. Sixty-one subjects completed the MMPQ-SF15, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the present pain index (PPI) 24 hours after an orthodontic visit. Respondents were grouped by gender and treatment stage: initial (15 female, 7 male), middle (10 female, 7 male), and end (16 female, 6 male). MMPQ-SF, VAS, and PPI scores were compared by Spearman correlation analysis. Underlying constructs were explored by factor analyses. Construct validity of the MMPQ-SF was tested by analysis of variance. Results: MMPQ-SF15 and VAS (r 5 0.78, r 2 s 5 0.61, P , .0001), MMPQ-SF15 and PPI (r 5 0.84, r 2 s 5 0.71, P , .0001), and VAS and PPI (r 5 0.70, r 2 s 5 0.48, P , .0001) were correlated positively and significantly. A two-factor solution (localized and generalized/emotional pain; KaiserMeyer-Olkin 5 0.88) showed that 11 descriptors (MMPQ-SF11) accounted for 64% of response variability. Generalized/emotional pain values were significantly higher during the initial stage of treatment compared to the middle (P 5 .011) and end stages (P 5 .014). Conclusions: MMPQ-SF, particularly MMPQ-SF11, demonstrated utility in assessment of localized and generalized/emotional aspects of pain in adolescent orthodontic patients and correlated well with VAS and PPI. Future application of the MMPQ-SF11 to measure orthodontic pain more specifically could lead to more appropriate management of this important facet of therapy. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:906-912.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire for orthodontic patients

Iwasaki

Freytag²,

Schumacher

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Pain affects both quality of life and treatment cooperation 26. The feeling of pain is considered a subjective parameter 18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of orthodontic miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices

Zawawi

2014

PPA

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ObjectiveTo study the patient’s acceptance, expectation, and experience of pain with orthodontic temporary miniscrews.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to 165 potential temporary orthodontic miniscrew recipients or their parents. Using the numeric rating scale, patients who received miniscrews as part of their orthodontic treatment were also asked to rate the pain or discomfort experience after miniscrew placement.ResultsA total of 165 subjects completed the first set of questions. There was a significant relationship between level of education and prior knowledge about orthodontic miniscrews (P=0.029). Even though only 12.7% had heard about miniscrews, 82.4% agreed to have miniscrews placed to facilitate orthodontic tooth movement. Eighty-three subjects who needed miniscrews as part of their orthodontic treatment completed two more sets of questions after 6 and 24 hours of miniscrew insertion. After 6 hours of miniscrew insertion, there was a significant difference in pain perception between men (mean =2.6±2.2) and women (mean =2.1±1.5; P=0.03). After 24 hours, there was no difference between men (0.2±0.4) and women (0.2±0.5; P>0.05). Postplacement, 32.5% did not require any pain medication, while 59.1% required a single dose and only 8.4% required two doses. A total of 76 patients (91.6%) said that they would recommend this procedure.ConclusionPatients do accept miniscrew as a treatment option in orthodontics. Postoperative pain is significantly low. The acceptance of miniscrews was not related to patient’s previous knowledge of the device, and patients preferred miniscrews to extractions.

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“…Whereas some studies suggested that there is no correlation between gender and pain, some claimed there is a connection between them. 4,11,21,22 Therefore, though the numbers of boys and girls were close, we did not discriminate the gender of the patients. All of our patients had heavy archwires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, the relationship between what patients felt and how the clinicians evaluated these pain experiences was investigated, and it was reported that the clinicians frequently tend to underestimate the patient's suffering. 21 The aim of this study was to determine the pain levels of the patients during the use of intermaxillary elastics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported pain associated with the use of intermaxillary elastics compared to pain experienced after initial archwire placement

Tuncer

Ozsoy²,

Polat-Özsoy

2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the pain during the use of intermaxillary elastics and to compare it with that of initial archwire placement. Materials and Methods: Sixteen orthodontic patients who underwent initial bonding (7 girls, 13 boys; mean age 16.75 6 2.61 years) and 19 patients who would be using intermaxillary elastics for the first time (13 girls, 7 boys; mean age 16.21 6 3.01 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. A visual analog scale form was given to each patient to measure the pain levels, and these were measured by the same investigator using a digital caliper. Data were evaluated using Mann Whitney U-test. Results: The pain started to increase 2 hours after the application of elastics. The highest levels were achieved at the sixth hour and the same night. The pain levels started to decrease at day 2. Although the pain levels of the elastic group started to decrease after the second day, the pain levels of the initial bonding group were still significantly high. Conclusions: Intermaxillary elastics cause similar amounts of pain compared with initial archwire placement, but the pain of the elastics did not last as long as the pain felt after initial bonding. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:807-811.)

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Pain and Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract: Objective: To explore whether patients' pain experiences and orthodontists' assessments of their patients' pain levels are consistent and whether orthodontists are aware of their patients' use of pain medication.

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Validation of a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire for orthodontic patients

Validation of a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire for orthodontic patients

Acceptance of orthodontic miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices

Self-reported pain associated with the use of intermaxillary elastics compared to pain experienced after initial archwire placement

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