PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition

Yunker, Mark B.; Macdonald, Robie W.; Vingarzan, Roxanne; Mitchell, Reginald H.; Goyette, Darcy; Sylvestre, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00002-5

Cited by 3,670 publications

(2,511 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

2,200

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Diagnostic ratio is a widely used technique to apportion the origin of PAHs presented in different environmental media (Yunker et al, 2002;Bucheli et al, 2004). The ratios of different PAHs are expected to vary with sources most likely due to various routes of PAH formation under different combustion conditions.…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Chartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, such as ratios of BaP/BghiP, IcdP/(IcdP + BghiP), and Ant/(Phe + Ant), Flu/(Flu + Pyr), can be applied to identify the possible sources of PAHs (Yunker et al, 2002). Although the use of diagnostic ratios has been criticized by a variety of authors and notwithstanding the known uncertainties, it was used in this paper only as an indicative way to give insight about sources (Katsoyiannis et al, 2007;Galerneau, 2008;Katsoyiannis et al, 2011;Katsoyiannis and Breivik, 2014).…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Chartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ant/(Ant + Phe) ratios between 0.00 and 0.10 imply petroleum sources, on the other hand if the ratio is between 0.1 and 2.5, then the source is known to be from combustion (Yunker et al, 2002). From Fig.…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Chartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Bortey-Sam

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a developing country, the economic and population growth rates in Ghana over the past few years have seen tremendous increase. The growing rate of industrialization is gradually leading to contamination and deterioration of the environment and pollution is likely to reach disturbing levels. Surface soil samples were collected randomly from 36 communities in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana, to determine the concentrations, distribution, sources and toxic potential of emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) since no such comprehensive study has been conducted. The mean concentration of total PAHs in the surface soils in each community ranged from 14.78 at Ahinsan to 2084 ng/g dry weight at Adum with an average of 442.5 ± 527.2 ng/g dry weight. Diagnostic ratios and chemical mass balance models of the results showed that PAHs in surface soil samples from the study area were mainly from fuel combustion.Carcinogenic potency of PAHs load from the city centre was approximately 150 times higher as compared to a pristine site, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology's Botanical Garden. BaP, a human carcinogen, contributed 70% of the total PAHs toxicity level from the city centre of Kumasi.

show abstract

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Chartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Chartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Bortey-Sam

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6D). In general, the incomplete combustion of OM is known to be the primary source of parent PAHs in the environment, while the degradation process of OM favors the formation of alkylated PAHs (Mai et al, 2001;Yunker et al, 2002a;Nes ßer et al, 2012). Our results indicated that the alkylated compounds in the LRD had a different source with pyrogenic one.…”

Section: Petroleum Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and preservation of organic matter in soils of the wetlands in the Liaohe (Liao River) Delta, North China

Lin

et al. 2013

Marine Pollution Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tTotal organic carbon, total nitrogen, d 13 C org , d 15 N, and aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons of fiftyfive soil samples collected from the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe Delta were measured, in order to determine the sources and possible preservation of organic matter (OM). The d 15 N and d 13 C org values in the samples ranged from 3.0‰ to 9.4‰ and from À30.4‰ to À20.3‰, respectively, implying that the OM in the soils is predominantly derived from C 3 plant. The long-chain n-alkanes had a strong odd-over-even carbon number predominance, suggesting a significant contribution from waxes of higher plants. The ubiquitous presence of unresolved complex mixture, alkylated polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and typical biomarkers of petroleum hydrocarbons (pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes) indicates that there is a contribution of petroleum hydrocarbons to the organic carbon pool in the wetland soils. P. australis-vegetated wetlands have strong potentials for the preservation of organic carbon in the wetlands.

show abstract

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratios ANT/178, FLU/(FLU þ PYR), BaA/228, and InP/(InP þ BghiP) were 0.66, 0.62, 0.47, and 0.53, respectively, which indicates the PAH contamination was of pyrogenic origin [37]. Individual PAH concentrations and total TPH content are summarized in Supplemental Data, Table S1.…”

Section: Sediment Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of sediment‐associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with granular activated carbon

Rakowska

Kupryianchyk

Grotenhuis

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Addition of activated carbon (AC) to sediments has been proposed as a method to reduce ecotoxicological risks of sedimentbound contaminants. The present study explores the effectiveness of granular AC (GAC) in extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) from highly contaminated sediments. Four candidate GAC materials were screened in terms of PAH extraction efficiency using single-step 24-h GAC extractions, with traditional 24-h Tenax extraction as a reference. Subsequently, sorption of native PAHs to the best performing GAC 1240W (0.45-1.70 mm) was studied for sediment only and for GAC-sediment mixtures at different GAC-sediment weight ratios, using 76-mm polyoxymethylene (POM) passive samplers. Granular AC sorption parameters for PAHs were determined by subtracting the contribution of PAH sorption to sediment from PAH sorption to the GAC-sediment mixture. It appears that the binding of PAHs and the effectiveness of GAC to reduce sediment porewater concentrations were highly dependent on the GAC-sediment mixing ratio and hydrophobicity of the PAH. Despite the considerable fouling of GAC by organic matter and oil, 50 to 90% of the most available PAH was extracted by the GAC during a 28-d contact time, at a dose as low as 4%, which also is a feasible dose in field-scale applications aimed at cleaning the sediment by GAC addition and removal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

show abstract

PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition

Cited by 3,670 publications

References 98 publications

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Sources and preservation of organic matter in soils of the wetlands in the Liaohe (Liao River) Delta, North China

Extraction of sediment‐associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with granular activated carbon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About