PAHs in PM2.5 in Zhengzhou: concentration, carcinogenic risk analysis, and source apportionment

Wang, Jia; Geng, Ning Bo; Yj, Xu; Zhang, Wen Ding; Tang, Xiao; Zhang, Rui Qin

doi:10.1007/s10661-014-3940-1

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The QFFs were packed in aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until pretreatment after sampling. Chemical analyses of elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of PM 2.5 were performed as described in a previous study (Wang et al, 2014) and listed in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Particles were collected from filters by sequential sonications (four cycles of 20 min each) in sterile saline; detached particles were concentrated by vacuum freezedrying and weighed.…”

Section: Pm 25 Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of Nox4 in fine particulate matter exposure-induced cardiac injury in mice

Wu¹,

Zhang²

2018

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-Epidemiological studies have confirmed that ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the underlying mechanisms in PM 2.5 exposure-induced heart injury are largely unknown. It has been acknowledged that NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 plays a critical role in CVD development. To investigate the acute effects of PM 2.5 on the mouse heart and the role of Nox4 in PM 2.5 exposure-induced cardiac injury, C57BL/6J mice were instilled with saline or 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/kg BW PM 2.5 suspension for two weeks (five days per week). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in heart supernatants were determined using related kits. The expression of Nox4, p67 phox , p47 phox and p22 phox in heart tissue was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining or Western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in the heart were examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. TUNEL assay was used to measure myocardial apoptosis. PM 2.5 exposure leads to obvious cardiac injury. PM 2.5 exposure increases MDA level and iNOS activity, and decreases activity of SOD in heart supernatants of mice. High levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in heart supernatants of mice with PM 2.5 instillation were determined. Nox4 and Noxassociated subunits such as p67 phox , p47 phox and p22 phox expression levels were increased in heart tissue of mice after PM 2.5 exposure. Additionally, PM 2.5 exposure causes myocardial apoptosis in the mouse heart. This study suggested that Nox4 is involved in PM 2.5 exposure-induced cardiac injury in mice.

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Section: Pm 25 Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of Nox4 in fine particulate matter exposure-induced cardiac injury in mice

Wu¹,

Zhang²

2018

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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“…In addition to the carcinogenic risks causing by metals, other component present in PM 2.5 (e.g., PAHs, Dioxin and other Persistent Organic Pollutants) also exert the profound effects. Limited information in Zhengzhou indicates that the average lifetime inhaled cancer risk causing by , Wang et al, 2014) is far less than that of metals. Thus, the government must provide necessary measures to control heavy metal emissions and protect the health of the residents.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition Characteristics of PM2.5 in Three Cities in Henan, Central China

Jiang

Guo

Wang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The sites of Luoyang, Zhengzhou, and Pingdingshan in Henan, China were selected to investigate the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). A total of 165 PM 2.5 samples from the three sites were collected from October 2014 to July 2015. Water-soluble inorganic ions, elemental carbon and organic carbon, and other elements in PM 2.5 were analyzed by ion chromatography, carbon analyzer, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Results showed that the annual average concentrations of PM 2.5 in the three sites were significantly higher than the Chinese national ambient air quality standard. The seasonal average of PM 2.5 concentration varied with the lowest concentrations of PM 2.5 in summer. Among these sites, the highest concentrations of SO 4 2-and NH 4 + ions were observed in Luoyang with the highest concentration of NO 3 -detected in Zhengzhou. SO 4 2-, NO 3 -and NH 4 + ions occurred as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 . For seasonal variation, the highest concentrations for Al, Fe and Ca were observed during spring in Pingdingshan and autumn in Zhengzhou and Luoyang, respectively. Enrichment factor (EF), as an indicator, is commonly used to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic sources, and high EFs of Zn, Cu, and Cd in PM 2.5 indicate the extent of air pollution, which is generally caused by emissions of vehicles and industries. Risks posed by heavy metals on human health were assessed. The hazard index, which was used to assess the overall potential for noncarcinogenic effects, was higher than 1 in the three sites, indicating that V, Cr, As, Mn, Cd, Co, and Ni may cause accumulative noncarcinogenic health effects on humans, without the noncancer effect of each heavy metal significant. Cr in PM 2.5 is a potential carcinogenic risk when inhaled by adults. Overall, the results indicate that PM 2.5 pollution must be considered seriously in three cities.

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“…For the purposes of this study, we will disregard the specific classifications and focus solely on province-level administrative regions. We identified a total of 574 separate measurements: 61 in the Northeastern Region [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], 53 in the Northern Region [14,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29], 42 in the Northwestern Region [14,17,30,31,32,33,34,35], 121 in the Eastern Region [14,17,30,33,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51], 136 in the South Central Region [14,17,33,34,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62], 51 in the Southwestern region […”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in Urban Chinese Cities, 2005–2016: A Systematic Review

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Background: Particulate matter pollution has become a growing health concern over the past few decades globally. The problem is especially evident in China, where particulate matter levels prior to 2013 are publically unavailable. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature that reported fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in different regions of China from 2005 to 2016. Methods: We searched for English articles in PubMed and Embase and for Chinese articles in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We evaluated the studies overall and categorized the collected data into six geographical regions and three economic regions. Results: The mean (SD) PM2.5 concentration, weighted by the number of sampling days, was 60.64 (33.27) μg/m3 for all geographic regions and 71.99 (30.20) μg/m3 for all economic regions. A one-way ANOVA shows statistically significant differences in PM2.5 concentrations between the various geographic regions (F = 14.91, p < 0.0001) and the three economic regions (F = 4.55, p = 0.01). Conclusions: This review identifies quantifiable differences in fine particulate matter concentrations across regions of China. The highest levels of fine particulate matter were found in the northern and northwestern regions and especially Beijing. The high percentage of data points exceeding current federal regulation standards suggests that fine particulate matter pollution remains a huge problem for China. As pre-2013 emissions data remain largely unavailable, we hope that the data aggregated from this systematic review can be incorporated into current and future models for more accurate historical PM2.5 estimates.

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PAHs in PM2.5 in Zhengzhou: concentration, carcinogenic risk analysis, and source apportionment

Cited by 85 publications

References 46 publications

The involvement of Nox4 in fine particulate matter exposure-induced cardiac injury in mice

The involvement of Nox4 in fine particulate matter exposure-induced cardiac injury in mice

Chemical Composition Characteristics of PM2.5 in Three Cities in Henan, Central China

Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in Urban Chinese Cities, 2005–2016: A Systematic Review

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