PAHs contamination levels in the breast milk of Ghanaian women from an e-waste recycling site and a residential area

Asamoah, Anita; Fini, Mahdi Nikbakht; Essumang, David Kofi; Søgaard, Erik Gydesen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.204

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…According to the existing literature, breastmilk PAHs levels seem to be associated with the air pollution level in the maternal place of residence, which has not been confirmed in the case of heavy metals. The source of those chemicals is not only air pollution but also water and soil pollution [211,212]. Moreover, factors such as maternal smoking [211,213,214], diet [211,214], maternal obesity [215], age [214,216], education [217], or parity [214] may affect their levels in breastmilk [218].…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zielińska

Hamułka

2019

IJERPH

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Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zielińska

Hamułka

2019

IJERPH

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“…However, the confounding factors were similar among the selected articles. The 27 selected studies included 8 on general health risks on neonates (Asamoah et al, 2018;Chan et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2019;Man et al, 2017;Nguyen Minh et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2012;Zeng et al, 2019), 6 on placental transfer of toxicants (Ben et al, 2013;Li et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2017), 3 on bio-accumulation of chemicals (Ben et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Tue et al, 2010), 2 on sex-specific differences in infant outcomes (Wang et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2018), 2 on fetal growth and development (Xu et al, 2013, 2 on DNA methylation and oxidative damage in neonate (Huo et al, 2019;Ni et al, 2014), 1 on thyroid hormones levels (Lv et al, 2015), 1 on ALAD genotypes in infants (Huo et al, 2014), 1 on carcinogenic and mutagenic risks to infants (Asamoah et al, 2019), and 1 on sexual hormones disruption in prenatal women and developing fetus (Zhou et al, 2013). Detail information on the selected studies is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of one study showed the association between exposure to ewaste and carcinogenic effects on infants. Asamoah et al (2019) examined the PAHs level in the breast milk and carcinogenic effects on the infants living in an e-waste recycling site, Agbogbloshie and a residential control area, Kwabenya in Ghana. The results show the PAHs levels were significantly higher in the breast milk samples of exposed town compared to that in the control area (1304.17 vs 199.27 ng/g lipid wt).…”

Section: Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Risks To Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes associated with exposure to e-waste disposal

Singh

Ogunseitan

Tang

2020

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Electronic waste (e-waste), the world's fastest-growing category of hazardous solid waste, poses a serious health risk for recyclers, scavenger workers, and residents of communities near waste disposal sites in many countries with developing economies and those in transition. The toxic components of e-waste have been linked to various adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ewaste exposures on pregnancy outcomes and neonate's health. We systematically searched original full-length articles in three electronic databases namely Web of Science, ProQuest health and medical databases, and Google Scholar for publications related to ewaste and pregnancy outcomes and neonate's health. Outcomes from most study showed possible association between exposure to e-waste and pregnancy and adverse neonatal health outcomes including sex-specific differences in infants' growth, placental transfer of toxicants, thyroid hormones disruption, DNA methylation and oxidative damage, ALAD genotypes, carcinogenic risks, and sex hormones disruption in pregnant women and developing fetus. The results support evidence that e-waste exposure is associated with negative effects on pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes. However, improvements in the design of epidemiological investigations, and more investigations from South Asia, Africa, and Latin America are needed to confirm these associations.

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“…They can be formed by the discharge of the electrical currents that occur in paint, insulation products, and glue ( Lima et al 2005 ). Also, the greatest amounts of PAHs released into the various environment types are produced by partial combustion of biomass (as wood) and fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, anthropogenic emissions from vehicle exhaust, heat and power generation, tobacco smoke, and increases in urbanization and industrialization ( Aguinaga et al, 2007 , Asamoah et al, 2019 ). Human exposure to PAHs compounds can occur through the diet contaminated with water, soil, water, and food ( Mahmood et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mother milk: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment of infants

Khanverdiluo

Talebi-Ghane

Heshmati

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Background Bio-monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants in mother milk is essential to keep mothers and infants healthy against potential risks. The current study assesses the concentration of PAHs in mother milk through a meta -analytic and systematic review approach. Methods All the published studies up to December 2020 regarding the concentrations of various PAHs in mother milk were searched throughout major international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Moreover, the possible carcinogenic and mutagenic risks to infants were evaluated based on the BaP (benzo[a]pyrenee) equivalent dose. Results According to the results of 13 articles included among 936 retrieved studies, the lowest and highest concentration of PAHs was (0.125 ng/g) and (76.36 ng/g) related to benz(a)anthracenem and 1-methylnaphthalene, respectively. The highest (9.830 ng/g) and lowest (0.009 ng/g) concentration of PAHs was related to Mexico and Japan, respectively. Besides, carcinogenetic and mutagenic risk assessment of the PAHs indicated that risk pattern was different across countries. It can be concluded that the consumption of mother milk is safe and does not pose a risk due to the ingestion of PAHs to the health of infant consumers.

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PAHs contamination levels in the breast milk of Ghanaian women from an e-waste recycling site and a residential area

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Systematic review of pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes associated with exposure to e-waste disposal

The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mother milk: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment of infants

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