PAHs, carbonyls, VOCs and PM2.5 emission factors for pre-harvest burning of Florida sugarcane

Hall, Douglas C.; Wu, Chang Yu; Hsu, Yu Mei; Stormer, James E.; Engling, Guenter; Capeto, Krisha; Wang, Jun; Brown, Scott; Li, Hsing Wang; Yu, Kuei Min

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.034

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These ratios are similar to those obtained in the previous PM 10 intensive campaign (1.4) in 2013, which was attributed to a combination of smouldering (flameless combustion) and flaming processes during the combustion of biomass (Kundu et al, 2010;Pereira et al, 2017). The flaming combustion is predominant for sugarcane leaves (Hall et al, 2012;Urban et al, 2016).…”

Section: Biomass Burning Tracerssupporting

confidence: 76%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Biomass Burning Tracerssupporting

confidence: 76%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…As a result, the high dilution conditions used in our study would cause levoglucosan to evaporate, and this may at least partly explain the low f 60 observed in the POA from straw burning. From previous studies, the levoglucosan / OC ratios of straw burning ranging from 4.92 to 16.8 % (4 types of vegetation summarized; Dhammapala et al, 2007;Kim Oanh et al, 2011;Hall et al, 2012) were not significantly (two-sample t-test, p > 0.05) lower than those of prescribed fuel burning, wildfire and wood burning ranging from 1.46 to 13.5 % (20 types of vegetation summarized; Shahid et al, 2015). So the difference in fuel type cannot explain the lower f 60 observed in our study.…”

Section: Oa Mass Spectrum Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Agricultural residues are among the most abundant biomass burned globally, especially in China. However, there is little information on primary emissions and photochemical evolution of agricultural residue burning. In this study, indoor chamber experiments were conducted to investigate primary emissions from open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws and their photochemical aging as well. Emission factors of NO x , NH 3 , SO 2 , 67 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), particulate matter (PM), organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) under ambient dilution conditions were determined. Olefins accounted for > 50 % of the total speciated NMHCs emission (2.47 to 5.04 g kg −1 ), indicating high ozone formation potential of straw burning emissions. Emission factors of PM (3.73 to 6.36 g kg −1 ) and primary organic carbon (POC, 2.05 to 4.11 gC kg −1 ), measured at dilution ratios of 1300 to 4000, were lower than those reported in previous studies at low dilution ratios, probably due to the evaporation of semi-volatile organic compounds under high dilution conditions. After photochemical aging with an OH exposure range of (1.97-4.97) × 10 10 molecule cm −3 s in the chamber, large amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were produced with OA mass enhancement ratios (the mass ratio of total OA to primary OA) of 2.4-7.6. The 20 known precursors could only explain 5.0-27.3 % of the observed SOA mass, suggesting that the major precursors of SOA formed from open straw burning remain unidentified. Aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) signaled that the aged OA contained less hydrocarbons but more oxygen-and nitrogencontaining compounds than primary OA, and carbon oxidation state (OS c ) calculated with AMS resolved O / C and H / C ratios increased linearly (p < 0.001) with OH exposure with quite similar slopes.

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“…PM 0.49 contains at least 56% of all PAHs. The major source for particulate matter at the rural site was the preharvest burning of sugarcane foliage (Oros et al, 2006;Hall et al, 2012) and vehicle emissions from the field during the SBS (Cristale et al, 2012).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Compound Concentrations of Size-Segregated PM10 during Sugarcane Burning and Growing Seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA

Sevimoğlu

Rogge

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Florida has the most land used to grow sugarcane crops in the United States. The preharvest sugarcane leaf burning elevates ambient particle matter (PM) concentrations in rural areas with dominant sugarcane agriculture (Belle Glade) and affects the air quality of coastal urban sites (Delray Beach). In this study, ambient particles segregated by size were analyzed to identify trace organic compounds from PM sources that may cause adverse health effects. The sampling campaign was conducted simultaneously at urban and rural sites, and revealed that the organic compound concentration of each particle size varies significantly between the sugarcane burning season (SBS) in January and sugarcane growing season (SGS) in May. The results indicated that PM 3 contains at least 76% of the organic compound concentrations detected in the samples collected from both sites and during both seasons. The concentrations of trace organic compounds were higher in the SBS than in the SGS. Combustion-oriented hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oxygenated PAHs were mainly detected in PM 0.49 . The detection of elevated levoglucosan concentrations at the urban site indicates that fine particles generated from biomass burning traveled from the rural site to the urban site. Secondary organic compounds such as dicarboxylic acids, phytol, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone exhibited similar concentration patterns in the rural and urban sites during both seasons. In the SGS, PM 10 concentrations at both sites were extremely similar; however, the organic compound levels were lower at the rural site than at the urban site in the SBS. This result should be investigated further by researchers investigating the health aspects of organic compound concentrations.

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PAHs, carbonyls, VOCs and PM2.5 emission factors for pre-harvest burning of Florida sugarcane

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Open burning of rice, corn and wheat straws: primary emissions, photochemical aging, and secondary organic aerosol formation

Organic Compound Concentrations of Size-Segregated PM10 during Sugarcane Burning and Growing Seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA

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