PAHs accumulation in soil-plant system of Phragmites australis Cav. in soil under long-term chemical contamination

Abstract

Distribution and level of 16 individual and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑PAHs) were assessed in soils, roots and above-ground tissues of reed (Phragmites australis) on monitoring plots in the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinskyi (Southern Russia, Rostov Region). The total concentration of the 16 PAHs in soil samples ranged between 499.0 to 7177.9 µg kg -1 . Samples from the plot no. 4 had the highest PAHs concentrations of 7177.9 µg kg -1 . The mean concentration of ∑16PAHs in plot no. 3 was noticeably higher than those in other monitoring sites for both root (363.0 µg kg -1 ) and above-ground tissues (239.8 µg kg -1 ). The distribution of PAHs ring size was in the order of 5-6˃4˃3˃2 in soil samples and HMW PAHs fractions represent 57.3% of the total PAHs. The concentrations of 3-4 ring PAHs were higher than HMW PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings in all P. australis tissues. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated that anthropogenic activities were probably major sources of PAHs. Accordingly, the maximum accumulation was found for phenanthrene among the 16 priority PAHs in the most of the soil and plants samples. More PAHs were accumulated in roots, as reflected by its higher mean concentration of PAHs in each plot. In addition, the BCF and TF values of LMW PAHs with 2-and 3-rings were higher than those of HMW PAHs. Taken together, our results indicated that there were an intensive accumulation of PAHs in the zone of industrial sewage tanks and sludge reservoirs as well as an obvious translocations of PAHs from the polluted soils to plant tissues, therefore, more attention is required to be paid to the PAH contamination in this area.

Reduced plant uptake of PAHs from soil amended with sunflower husk biochar

“…-06. 2.1.7, 2006, total PAHs content was at the level 230.5±11.1 μg kg -1 that corresponds to our previous research data (Sushkova et al, 2017;Sushkova et al, 2020). BaP content in soil contaminated with doses of 400 µg kg -1 , 800 µg kg -1 and 1200 µg kg -1 promoted an increase of the BaP content in the soil to 355.6±13.3 µg kg -1 , 620.1±32.2 µg kg -1 and 870.1±44.3 µg kg -1 , respectively, as well, it was established a total PAHs content increasing in the BaP contaminated soil up to 660.9±31.7 µg kg -1 , 1154.5±58.3 µg kg -1 and 1350.7±68.9 µg kg -1 , respectively.…”

“…Air-dry soil 4 kg was placed in the vegetative vessels, and an aqueous solution of BaP in acetonitrile (400, 800 and 1200 μg kg -1 ) was added to the soil surface. The choice of doses of pollutants was determined by the existing levels of soil pollution in the Rostov Region (Sushkova et al, 2020). After the application of pollutants, the soil was incubated for 1 week, and then biochar was added in doses from 1% and 5% of the total soil volume.…”

A 10-Year Ecological Monitoring of Soils and Triticum aestivum in the Impact Zone of a Power Station

“…Categorically, higher PAH content was observed in soils located in the vicinity of power stations [20,46]. Due to the continuous mutually exclusive processes of accumulation and destruction of PAHs in the environment, their concentration in the soil characterizes the intensity of the emission source over time [32,[47][48][49][50]. Interestingly, the increase in the mobility of HMs in soils are most likely a consequence of continuous exposure to atmospheric emissions from the power station.…”

“…The extraction of PAHs from soil and plants samples was carried out with n-hexane (ultragrade, 99% pure, Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) [32,33]. The pre-interfering lipid fraction was removed by saponification of 1 g of soil with a 2% KOH alcohol solution.…”

Exchangeable form of potentially toxic elements in floodplain soils along the river-marine systems of Southern Russia

“…The entire Don basin has been greatly transformed as a result of long-term intensive anthropogenic load (Bartsev et al, 2016). Highly productive arable land in southern Russia, industrial and mining clusters, concentrated mainly in the watershed of the Seversky Donets tributary, and intensive development of the Rostov-on-Don agglomeration are the main factors that negatively affect the lower part of the Don basin (Nikanorov and Khoruzhaya, 2012;Matishov et al, 2016;Bauer et al, 2018;Konstantinova et al, 2020;Linnik et al, 2020;Minkina et al, 2020;Sushkova et al, 2020). The highest degree of anthropogenic load is characteristic of the Don Delta and the coastal zone of the Taganrog Bay due to urbanization, river and sea transport, as well as recreational activities, which leads to a decrease in water quality, soil and sediment pollution, degradation of coastal and deltaic landscapes and vegetation (Chichaeva et al, 2020).…”