PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources

Tobiszewski, Marek; Namieśnik, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.025

Cited by 1,501 publications

(810 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…We calculated common diagnostic PAH ratios from the PAH concentration values averaged over the water depth. Three commonly used diagnostic values discriminating between pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH origin were taken into account for our consideration: (Yunker et al 2002) Overall, the diagnostic ratios indicate that the PAHs determined during our measurement campaign mainly had pyrogenic origin from grass, wood, and coal combustion (Tobiszewski and Namieśnik 2012;Yunker et al 2002). Judging from our individual results per water depth, the decreasing proportion of five-and six-ring PAHs in the 61 m measurement does not influence the conclusions drawn based on the diagnostic ratios stated above.…”

Section: Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Nevertheless, natural emissions can occur among others by volcanic activity and forest fires. Due to the different conditions for these chemical reactions, the source of PAHs may be judged from the detected PAH composition (Tobiszewski and Namieśnik 2012;Yunker et al 2002). We calculated common diagnostic PAH ratios from the PAH concentration values averaged over the water depth.…”

Section: Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth profile of persistent and emerging organic pollutants upstream of the Three Gorges Dam gathered in 2012/2013

Deyerling

Wang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Persistent and emerging organic pollutants were sampled in September 2012 and 2013 at a sampling site in front of the Three Gorges Dam near Maoping (China) in a water depth between 11 and 61 m to generate a depth profile of analytes. A novel compact water sampling system with self-packed glass cartridges was employed for the on-site enrichment of approximately 300 L of water per sample to enable the detection of low analytes levels in the picogram per liter-scale in the large water body. The overall performance of the sampling system was acceptable for the qualitative detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), perfluoroalkylic acids (PFAAs), pharmaceutical residues and polar pesticides. Strongly particle-associated analytes like PAHs and PCBs resided mainly in the glass wool filter of the sampling system, whereas all other compounds have mainly been enriched on the XAD-resin of the selfpacked glass cartridges. The sampling results revealed qualitative information on the presence, depth distribution and origin of the investigated compounds. Although the depth profile of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, and PFAAs appeared to be homogeneous, pharmaceuticals and polar pesticides were detected in distinct different patterns with water depth. Source analysis with diagnostic ratios for PAHs revealed their origin to be pyrogenic (burning of coal, wood and grass). In contrast, most PCBs and OCPs had to be regarded as legacy pollutants which have been released into the environment in former times and still remain present due to their persistence. The abundance of emerging organic pollutants could be confirmed, and their most abundant compounds could be identified as perfluorooctanoic acid, diclofenac and atrazine among investigated PFAAs, pharmaceuticals and polar pesticides, respectively.

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Section: Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth profile of persistent and emerging organic pollutants upstream of the Three Gorges Dam gathered in 2012/2013

Deyerling

Wang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…[30][31][32] However, PAH diagnostic ratios could not be calculated in the present study because many compounds were below the limit of quantification in most samples.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 75%

PAHs in cultured mussels Perna perna from a Southeastern Brazilian Bay

Yoshimine¹,

Carreira²

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A presença e a distribuição de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) foram avaliadas pela primeira vez em mexilhões cultivados na Baía de Ilha Grande, o principal polo de maricultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no sudeste do Brasil. As análises de HPASs no tecido dos mexilhões foram realizadas em triplicata por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS) em amostras compostas (cada uma com dez indivíduos), coletadas em 2011 em seis fazendas de cultivo. A concentração média para o total de HPAs (38 compostos), excluindo-se uma fazenda, foi de 14,00 ± 8,53 ng g -1 , enquanto que para os 16 HPAs prioritários a média foi de 9,51 ± 4,78 ng g -1 . Esses valores caracterizam os mexilhões cultivados como tendo baixo nível de contaminação por HPAs. A exceção foi a fazenda localizada em Mombaça, onde o total de HPAs de 584 ng g -1 (16 HPAs igual a 22,4 ng g -1 ) e o perfil dos HPAs individuais sugerem contaminação moderada por fontes petrogênicas. Todas as concentrações medidas estão abaixo do limite estabelecido por agências internacionais de meio ambiente e de saúde que podem representar risco para a saúde humana devido ao consumo de mexilhões.The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated for the first time in cultured mussels at Ilha Grade Bay, the largest mariculture center in the Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Brazil. Analyses of PAHs on soft tissue were performed in triplicate by GC-MS on composite samples (10 individuals each) collected in 2011 at six mussel farms. The mean concentration of the total PAHs (38 compounds), excluding one farm, was 14.0 ± 8.53 ng g -1 , whereas the 16 priority PAHs was 9.51 ± 4.78 ng g -1 . These values characterize the farmed mussels analyzed as having low level of PAH contamination. The exception was the farm in Mombaça, where the total PAHs of 584 ng g -1 (16 PAHs of 22.4 ng g -1 ) and the profile of individual PAHs suggest moderate contamination by petrogenic sources. All the concentrations measured were below threshold values established by environmental and health agencies as limiting to pose risk to humans by mussel consumption.

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“…It should be noted that the PAH concentrations in their sources may be higher than the measured concentrations from A. plantago-aquatica, and calculated ratios may be slightly different because of atmospheric degradation. Also, it is suggested that the application of correction factors in measuring the PAHs on the particles in the air and water samples would be beneficial [17,18]. Therefore, it is concluded that, in order to better evaluate whether A. plantago-aquatica is a proper biomonitoring organism, future research is needed for analysis of PAHs in air and water samples, besides leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Macrophyte Plant Distribution and PAH Contamination in Selected Aquatic Habitats from an Industrialized City; Kocaeli, Turkey

Özen¹,

Acemi²,

Pelin³

et al. 2017

Biomonitoring

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Abstract:The macrophyte plant distribution in some aquatic habitats and their availability for monitoring the PAH contamination were investigated in Kocaeli Province of Turkey. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. was collected to evaluate polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in four aquatic habitats located nearby or distant to the industrial facilities and populated city center. Concentrations of eight PAH congeners were measured in A. plantagoaquatica leaves using gas chromatography. PAH sources were estimated using the following ratios, Fluoranthene / (Fluoranthene + Pyrene), Benzo(a)anthracene / (Benzo(a) anthracene + Chrysene) and Anthracene / (Anthracene + Phenanthrene) and were found to be pyrogenic-sourced in all stations. Since the ratios of congeners indicate the pyrogenic contamination, atmospheric deposition can be considered as the main pathway for PAH transportation. The highest ∑PAH concentration (798 µg kg -1 ) was measured in the nearest station (Bıçkıdere Dam) to the city center and highway, while the lowest concentration (183 µg kg -1 ) was determined in the Tahtalı Dam, which is relatively distant from the industrial facilities, dense population and motorways. Present results indicate that incomplete combustion of grass, wood and coal, as well as recreational and agricultural implementations and vehicular emissions, may cause pyrogenic PAH contamination. Also, broad basal leaves of A. plantago-aquatica can be considered as sampling material in further biomonitoring studies.

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PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources

Cited by 1,501 publications

References 105 publications

Depth profile of persistent and emerging organic pollutants upstream of the Three Gorges Dam gathered in 2012/2013

Depth profile of persistent and emerging organic pollutants upstream of the Three Gorges Dam gathered in 2012/2013

PAHs in cultured mussels Perna perna from a Southeastern Brazilian Bay

Assessment of Macrophyte Plant Distribution and PAH Contamination in Selected Aquatic Habitats from an Industrialized City; Kocaeli, Turkey

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