PAH and metal mixtures in New Orleans soils and sediments

Mielke, Howard W.; Wang, G; Gonzales, Chris; Le, B.; Quach, Van; Mielke, Paul W.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00848-8

Cited by 136 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…PAHs in one sample from Tianjin Port was exceptionally high at 48,700 ng g −1 dry weight (d.w.) and close to the PAHs maximum of 40,692 ng g −1 reported for sediment from the port of New Orleans (Mielke et al 2001). This indicates that the soil sample from Tianjin Port was heavily polluted.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings and are widespread throughout environmental media (Edwards 1983;Mielke et al 2001;Wu et al 2005). Because of their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic characteristics, 16 PAHs have been listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and studied by scientists all over the world (Kipopoulou et al 1999;Nadal et al 2004;Wang et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Jiao

Lü

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector in 105 topsoil samples from an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in the North of China. Results demonstrated that concentrations of PAHs in 104 soil samples from this area ranged from 68.7 to 5,590 ng g −1 dry weight with a mean of 16PAHs 814 ± 813 ng g −1 , which suggests that there exists mid to high levels of PAH contamination. The concentration of 16PAHs in one soil sample from Tianjin Port was exceptionally high (48,700 ng g −1 ). Ninetythree of the 105 soil samples were considered to be contaminated with PAHs (>200 ng g −1 ), and 25 were heavily polluted (>1,000 ng g −1 ). The sites with high PAHs concentration are mainly distrib- uted around chemical industry parks and near highways. Two low molecular weight PAHs, naphthalene and phenanthrene, were the dominant components in the soil samples, which accounted for 22.1% and 10.7% of the 16PAHs concentration, respectively. According to the observed molecular indices, house heating in winter, straw stalk combustion in open areas after harvest, and petroleum input were common sources of PAHs in this area, while factory discharge and vehicle exhaust were the major sources around chemical industrial parks and near highways. Biological processes were probably another main source of low molecular weight PAHs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Jiao

Lü

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…3,4,7 -Trimethyl -1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene (3); 2,2,4a,9-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,14b -octahydropicene, ring-A monoaromatic lupane (4), monoaromatic lupene, monoaromatic . Maximum total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels (ng g -1 ) for Lake de Cima (Brazil) and other sites in Cotonou lagoon (Benin), 47 Aquitaine (France), 47 Yenisey (Russia), 48 Ob (Russia), 49 Kara Sea (Russia), 49 New Orleans (USA), 50 Xiamen Harbour (China), 53 Michigan (USA), 51 Tyne (UK), 14 Tees (UK), 14 Thames (UK), 14 Tamar (UK), 14 Santos (São Paulo, Brazil), 13 Atibaia (São Paulo, Brazil), 52 Capibaribe (Pernambuco, Brazil). 19 J. Braz.…”

Section: Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in tropical recent sediments of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

Gomes¹,

Azevedo²

2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foram estudados sedimentos recentes dos rios Imbé, Urubu e Ururaí e da Lagoa de Cima, localizados no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. As frações dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos foram analisadas por CG-DIC e CG-EM com o objetivo de se verificar o grau de contaminação por atividades antropogênicas ou contribuições biogênicas. A concentração total dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos foram 1,2 , 2,8 , 5,8 e 4,3 µg g -1 e 74 , 30 , 722 e 340 ng g -1 para os rios Imbé, Ururaí, Urubu e Lagoa de Cima, respectivamente. O isoprenóide C 20 foi identificado no sedimento do Rio Urubu. Em nenhuma das amostras foram encontrados hopanos e esteranos. Compostos aromáticos antropogênicos, detectados ao nível de traços, foram observados somente no rio Imbé e na Lagoa de Cima (227 ng g -1 ). A razão fluoranteno/pireno foi de 4,2 para a Lagoa de Cima, sugerindo uma origem por combustão para os HPA. Este fato é consistente com a prática de queimada de plantações de cana de açúcar que ocorre freqüentemente nesta região. Um grande aporte de plantas superiores foi observado nos sedimentos dos rios Urubu, Imbé e da Lagoa de Cima; por outro lado o aporte predominante no rio Ururaí foi o aquático. A Lagoa de Cima é considerada levemente poluída por HPA, ao nível de traços, enquanto os demais sedimentos não se encontram poluídos.Sediment samples from the Imbé, the Urubu and the Ururaí rivers and from Lake de Cima were studied. These sites are located in the county of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Aliphatic and aromatic fractions were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS in order to gather information on the degree of contamination by anthropogenic activities and other biogenic contributions. Concentrations of total aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were 1.2, 2.8, 5.8 and 4.3 µg g -1 and 74, 30, 722 and 340 ng g -1 in the Imbé, Ururaí, Urubu rivers and Lake de Cima, respectively. The C 20 highly branched isoprenoid alkane was identified in the Urubu sediment. There were no hopanes or steranes in any sample. Anthropogenic aromatic compounds, detected at trace levels, were observed only in the Imbé and in Lake de Cima (227 ng g -1 ). The fluoranthene/pyrene rate for Lake de Cima was 4.2, suggesting a combustion origin for the PAH. This data is consistent with the frequently sugar cane burning practice that occurs in this region. A greater input from higher plants was observed in the Urubu, Imbé and Lake de Cima sediments; on the other hand, the aquatic input predominates for Ururaí. In summary, Lake de Cima sediment is considered very slightly polluted, while the others are unpolluted. Keywords: hydrocarbons, sediments, PAH, isoprenoid, (C/N) ratios, organic matter IntroductionRecent sediments of natural waters contain variable amounts of organic matter, ranging from less than 1% up to 8% of dry sediment, 1 but are considered rich when they have more than 0.5% of organic matter. 2 It is difficult to obtain detailed information about the sources and transformations of this organic matter by deter...

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“…Meanwhile, the toxic metals would also be introduced into estuarine and coastal environment continually by river water and sediments transportation and affected the surrounding marine ecosystem (Förstner et al 2004, Laing et al 2009). During the past few decades, environmental pollution caused by heavy metals has been identified in several delta areas, such as in the Mekong river delta (Cenci and Martin 2004), the Pearl River delta (Bai et al 2011a), the Niger delta (Olawoyin et al 2012), and the Mississippi delta (Mielke et al 2001). The soils were assumed to be a sink as well as a source of heavy metals in the coastal area of the delta region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Yellow River Delta: concentrations in different soil horizons and source identification

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2014

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The Yellow River Delta, an active land-ocean interaction area, will develop into a large eco-economic region in East China during the coming decade. It is necessary to assess the geochemical features of heavy metals in the soils. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the concentrations and distribution of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in soil profiles of the area and to identify their sources. Materials and methods Horizon samples were collected based on pedogenic features from bottom to top in each profile to a depth of 120 cm and a total of 92 samples were collected. The sampling sites were grouped into four lines from inland to coastal area with three land use types (cotton field, cereal field, and wetland). The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Iron oxide fractions in the soil were extracted by oxalate-oxalic acid and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the mineral composition of the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis and historical data were employed to identify the possible sources of these heavy metals.Results and discussion The mean concentrations of heavy metals were elevated along the Yellow River region and in the southern part of the delta; however, they were generally lower than the Chinese guideline values. As for the depth distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles, the maximum values of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in middle horizon of cotton field were almost twice than those in surface horizon. The iron oxides and XRD analysis indicated that the trace elements accumulation appeared to be related with the contents of crystalline iron oxide and layer silicates. Historical data from suspended sediments of the Yellow River and principal component analysis (PCA) implied that most of the metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) were sourced from natural alluviation and sedimentation. Conclusions The Yellow River Delta soils were slightly polluted by heavy metals the Yellow River Delta. The special pedogenic horizon characterized by higher iron oxides and layered silicates minerals in the middle and lower part of the soil profile was found with heavy metals enrichment, which required to be studied further. Suspended sediments transported by the Yellow River were suggested to be one of the major sources for the heavy metals accumulation in the basal soils of this region.

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PAH and metal mixtures in New Orleans soils and sediments

Cited by 136 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Identification of sources of elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrial area in Tianjin, China

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in tropical recent sediments of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

Distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Yellow River Delta: concentrations in different soil horizons and source identification

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