PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers: Interrelations and correlations with basic characteristics

Detopoulou, Paraskevi; Nomikos, Tzortzis; Fragopoulou, Elizabeth; Stamatakis, George; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Antonopoulou, Smaragdi

doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.10.003

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…At baseline, the levels of the soluble adhesion molecules (sVACM, sP-selectin) and IL-6 were in the physiological range for healthy subjects ( 27 , 28 ) . As far as PAF metabolism is concerned, the activities of PAF-CPT and LpPLA 2 were similar with the previous ones reported for the Greek population ( 29 ) , while no data exist for the activities of Lyso-PAF ATC and Lyso-PAF ATE that were strongly and positively correlated with the activity of PAF-CPT of the de novo pathway, indicating a parallel regulation of the two pathways. This result is in accordance with a previous publication in the general Greek population where total acetyltransferase activity (Lyso-PAF AT) was correlated with PAF-CPT ( 29 ) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…As far as PAF metabolism is concerned, the activities of PAF-CPT and LpPLA 2 were similar with the previous ones reported for the Greek population ( 29 ) , while no data exist for the activities of Lyso-PAF ATC and Lyso-PAF ATE that were strongly and positively correlated with the activity of PAF-CPT of the de novo pathway, indicating a parallel regulation of the two pathways. This result is in accordance with a previous publication in the general Greek population where total acetyltransferase activity (Lyso-PAF AT) was correlated with PAF-CPT ( 29 ) . The activity of the catabolic enzyme LpPLA 2 was also negatively correlated with the activity of Lyso-PAF ATC and Lyso-PAF ATE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent mediator of inflammation that plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement containing mainly plant extracts on PAF actions and metabolism in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8 weeks’ duration study was performed. Healthy volunteers were randomly allocated into the supplement or the placebo group and fifty-eight of them completed the study. The supplement contained plant extracts (Aloe gel, grape juice, Polygonum cuspidatum) and vitamins. The activities of PAF metabolic enzymes: the two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase, cytidine 5’-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-cholinephosphotransferase) and platelet-activating factor–acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in leucocytes and lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2 in plasma were measured along with several markers of endothelial function. Platelet aggregation against PAF, ADP and thrombin receptor activating peptide was measured in human platelet-rich plasma by light transmission aggregometry. No difference was observed on soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sP-selectin and IL-6 levels at the beginning or during the study period between the two groups. Concerning PAF metabolism enzymes’ activity, no difference was observed at baseline between the groups. PAF-AH activity was only increased in the supplement group at 4 and 8 weeks compared with baseline levels. In addition, supplement consumption led to lower platelet sensitivity against PAF and ADP compared with baseline levels. However, a trial effect was only observed when platelets were stimulated by PAF. In conclusion, supplementation with plant extracts and vitamins ameliorates platelet aggregation primarily against PAF and secondarily against ADP and affects PAF catabolism by enhancing PAF-acetylhydrolase activity in healthy subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2019

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“…In the present study, PAF levels in HIV patients are measured for the first time, resulting surprisingly to lower values than the average population although the activity of PAF biosynthetic enzymes is much higher [42]. One may suggest that a possible explanation may be the increased activity of PAF catabolic enzyme, namely PAF-AH for the cellular isoform and Lp-PLA2 for the plasma isoform, acting in order to counterbalance PAF levels in blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In this study the activity of Lp-PLA2, a well-known cardiovascular risk marker and sensitive to PAF levels [43], is higher than the average population [42]. Increased PAF levels seem to increase Lp-PLA2 activity in order to adjust PAF levels in blood and this may be the reason of the significant overall differentiation of Lp-PLA2 activity between the two groups spotted particularly at the 9 th and the 12 th month.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

In vivo effect of two first-line ART regimens on inflammatory mediators in male HIV patients

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPersistent immune activation and inflammation are lying behind HIV-infection even in the setting of ART mediated viral suppression. The purpose of this study is to define the in vivo effect of two first-line ART regimens on certain inflammatory mediators in male HIV patients.MethodsMale, naive, HIV-infected volunteers were assigned either to tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine/efavirenz (Group_T) or abacavir/lamivudine/efavirenz (Group_A). Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) levels and metabolic enzymes together with HIV-implicated cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNFa) and VEGF were determined for a 12-month period. Differences within each group were determined by non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon test, while the differences between the groups were checked by ANOVA repeated measures.ResultsBoth ART regimens present pronounced effect on inflammatory mediators, resulting in decreased PAF levels and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity for tenofovir-containing regimen and same as baseline PAF levels with a peak though at the 3rd month as well as elevated Lp-PLA2 activity for abacavir-containing regimen.ConclusionsStudies regarding the effect of first-line ART regimens on inflammation may be beneficial in preventing chronic morbidities during HIV-treatment. From this point of view, the present study suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of tenofovir-containing ART, while the temporary increase of PAF levels in abacavir-containing ART may be the link between the reported cardiovascular risk and abacavir administration.

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“…Determination of lyso‐PAF AT activity in leukocyte homogenates was based on the measurement of the produced PAF, after thin‐layer chromatography separation, by the washed rabbit platelet aggregation assay according to previously published methods 24. All assays were performed in duplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fortified milk on lyso‐platelet‐activating factor acetyltranferase and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A₂ in hypercholesterolemic adults

Ntzouvani

Nomikos

Petrogianni

et al. 2013

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Hypercholesterolemia is associated with subclinical inflammation, characterised by elevated proinflammatory mediators. Lyso-platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase (lyso-PAF AT) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) are two key metabolic enzymes of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory lipid mediator. Little information is available concerning the efficacy of a dietary intervention on the metabolism of PAF. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of fortified milk on the activity of these enzymes. Forty-three adults (mean age 49.8 AE 8.1 years) with body mass index < 35 kg/m 2 , and total cholesterol >200 but < 310 mg/dL were randomised to two groups; (i) intervention group received 500 mL/day (two glasses) of a low-fat milk fortified with phytosterols, linoleic and alpha linolenic acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium and selenium (n ¼ 22), and (ii) placebo group received 500 mL/day of a conventional low-fat milk (n ¼ 21) for 3 months. Outcome measures were the activities of lyso-PAF AT from leukocytes and serum Lp-PLA 2 determined with established methods. None of the activities changed significantly during the study in the intervention group, lyso-PAF AT (95% confidence interval: À1.7, 2.3 nmol/min/mg; p ¼ 0.246), and Lp-PLA 2 (À7.8, 5.8 nmol/min/mL, p ¼ 0.591). No difference was observed between the two groups. In conclusion, daily intake of two glasses of phytosterols, antioxidants, linoleic and linolenic acids via fortified milk for three months had no effect on the activity of either lyso-PAF AT or Lp-PLA 2 .Practical applications: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was the first intact phospholipid known to have messenger functions in which the signaling results from the molecule binding to specific receptors on the plasma membrane or other membranes of the cell. It has a number of pro-inflammatory properties, and affects several critical points of atherogenesis including thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidation. Fortification of milk with nutrients that possess anti-inflammatory properties and administration to adults with elevated blood cholesterol could provide a means to controlling inflammatory process through the synthesis and degradation of PAF in a population group at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

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PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers: Interrelations and correlations with basic characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

In vivo effect of two first-line ART regimens on inflammatory mediators in male HIV patients

Effect of fortified milk on lyso‐platelet‐activating factor acetyltranferase and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A₂ in hypercholesterolemic adults

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PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers: Interrelations and correlations with basic characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Consumption of plant extract supplement reduces platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating factor catabolism: a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

In vivo effect of two first-line ART regimens on inflammatory mediators in male HIV patients

Effect of fortified milk on lyso‐platelet‐activating factor acetyltranferase and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 in hypercholesterolemic adults

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Product

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Effect of fortified milk on lyso‐platelet‐activating factor acetyltranferase and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A₂ in hypercholesterolemic adults