Paenibacillus, Nitrogen Fixation and Soil Fertility

Seldin, Lucy

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19577-8_15

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In the present study, we indeed detected a huge increase in the endosporulates Paenibacillus and Cohnella. These two genera contain many free-living N 2 -fixing species [70][71][72][73][74], in concordance with the fact that N cycle-related sequences found in burned soils showed a dominance of such free-living spore-forming N 2 fixers [11,12]. Furthermore, many species in these two genera are frequent colonizers of the plant rhizosphere [70,73,74].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Soil Microbiome of the Laurel Forest in Garajonay National Park (La Gomera, Canary Islands): Comparing Unburned and Burned Habitats after a Wildfire

Villadas

Diaz-Diaz

Rodríguez-Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Forests

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The evergreen laurel forest is a relic of ancient subtropical/tropical forests, of which the best remnant in the Canary Islands is in Garajonay National Park, on La Gomera island. The soil microbiome associated with a mature undisturbed (unburned) laurel forest was characterized at two locations at different topographical positions on the mountain: The slope and the ridge crest. Given the unusual circumstance of an intense wildfire that severely affected part of this forest, the burned soils were also studied. The soil in undisturbed areas was relatively uniform. The bacterial community composition was dominated by bacteria from phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The wildfire changed the composition of the bacterial communities. The Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria (dominant class in unburned forests) significantly decreased in burned soils along with a parallel high increase in Betaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. We further showed the dramatic effect of a wildfire on the soil microbiome of the laurel forest, appearing as a loss of species richness and diversity, species dominance, and changes in the composition of the bacterial communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Soil Microbiome of the Laurel Forest in Garajonay National Park (La Gomera, Canary Islands): Comparing Unburned and Burned Habitats after a Wildfire

Villadas

Diaz-Diaz

Rodríguez-Rodríguez

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Due to its activity in the production of anti-microbial substances and genomic indications that it is able to bind chitin and produce biofilms as a barrier to fungal penetration, it might however, both in loose and tight associations, contribute to host health in certain situations, e.g., against mold infestations of nests and adults. We did not consider nutrient allocation or bioremediation capabilities in this study, which might additionally increase the benefit to host Paenibacillus for bees [17–19], particularly considering the diverse natural biochemistry of flowers and resins they are in contact with [35, 36], but also human-introduced insecticide, pesticide, and herbicide use in the environment threatening bee populations [37, 38]. Given the continuous process of adaptations between hosts and microbes [39] and shared genomic features of symbionts and pathogens [40], harmful and non-virulent Paenibacillus may both have a long co-evolutionary history with bees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefit is primarily due to anti-microbial capacities and with that a strong factor in reducing risk of several plant diseases [14–16]. Paenibacillus bacteria are also capable of nutrient allocation (nitrogen fixation) and bioremediation [17–19]. Given the conditions of a solitary bee nest described above, the humid, enclosed, untended, and nutrient-rich environment may be an excellent growing ground for molds and other harmful microbes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild bees and their nests host Paenibacillus bacteria with functional potential of avail

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn previous studies, the gram-positive firmicute genus Paenibacillus was found with significant abundances in nests of wild solitary bees. Paenibacillus larvae is well-known for beekeepers as a severe pathogen causing the fatal honey bee disease American foulbrood, and other members of the genus are either secondary invaders of European foulbrood or considered a threat to honey bees. We thus investigated whether Paenibacillus is a common bacterium associated with various wild bees and hence poses a latent threat to honey bees visiting the same flowers.ResultsWe collected 202 samples from 82 individuals or nests of 13 bee species at the same location and screened each for Paenibacillus using high-throughput sequencing-based 16S metabarcoding. We then isolated the identified strain Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 from a solitary bee nest and sequenced its genome. We did find conserved toxin genes and such encoding for chitin-binding proteins, yet none specifically related to foulbrood virulence or chitinases. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a closer relationship to strains of root-associated Paenibacillus rather than strains causing foulbrood or other accompanying diseases. We found anti-microbial evidence within the genome, confirmed by experimental bioassays with strong growth inhibition of selected fungi as well as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionsThe isolated wild bee associate Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 is a common, but irregularly occurring part of wild bee microbiomes, present on adult body surfaces and guts and within nests especially in megachilids. It was phylogenetically and functionally distinct from harmful members causing honey bee colony diseases, although it shared few conserved proteins putatively toxic to insects that might indicate ancestral predisposition for the evolution of insect pathogens within the group. By contrast, our strain showed anti-microbial capabilities and the genome further indicates abilities for chitin-binding and biofilm-forming, suggesting it is likely a useful associate to avoid fungal penetration of the bee cuticula and a beneficial inhabitant of nests to repress fungal threats in humid and nutrient-rich environments of wild bee nests.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-018-0614-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Manuscript to be reviewed with a variety of plants (Navarronoya et al 2012). Currently, some Paenibacillus strains play a great role in agriculture and industry (Seldin 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "Paenibacillus strains with nitrogen fixation and multiple beneficial properties for promoting plant growth (v0.1)"

2019

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Paenibacillus is a large genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. The genus Paenibacillus currently comprises more than 150 named species, approximately 20 of which have nitrogen-fixation ability. The N 2-fixing Paenibacillus strains have potential uses as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, 179 bacterial strains were isolated by using nitrogen-free medium after heating at 85℃ for 10 min from 69 soil samples collected from different plant rhizospheres in different areas. Of the 179 bacterial strains, 25 Paenibacillus strains had nifH gene encoding Fe protein of nitrogenase and showed nitrogenase activities. Of the 25 N 2-fixing Paenibacillus strains, 22 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). 21 strains out of the 25 N 2-fixing Paenibacillus strains inhibited at least one of the 6 plant pathogens Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium graminearum, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gossypii and Alternaria longipes. 18 strains inhibited 5 plant pathogens and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-13b could inhibit the growth of all of the 6 plant pathogens. According to the nitrogenase activities, antibacterial capacities and IAA production, we chose 8 strains to inoculate wheat, cucumber and tomato. Our results showed that the 5 strains Paenibacillus sp. JS-4, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-10, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-14, Paenibacillus sp. BJ-4 and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-15 significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced the dry weight of plants. Hence, the five strains have the greater potential to be used as good candidates for biofertilizer to facilitate sustainable development of agriculture.

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Paenibacillus, Nitrogen Fixation and Soil Fertility

Cited by 19 publications

References 97 publications

The Soil Microbiome of the Laurel Forest in Garajonay National Park (La Gomera, Canary Islands): Comparing Unburned and Burned Habitats after a Wildfire

The Soil Microbiome of the Laurel Forest in Garajonay National Park (La Gomera, Canary Islands): Comparing Unburned and Burned Habitats after a Wildfire

Wild bees and their nests host Paenibacillus bacteria with functional potential of avail

Peer Review #3 of "Paenibacillus strains with nitrogen fixation and multiple beneficial properties for promoting plant growth (v0.1)"

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